Kingdom of Polonnaruwa

The Kingdom of Polonnaruwa was the Sinhalese kingdom that ruled across the island of Sri Lanka from 1070 to 1232, unifying the island and extending its overseas influence during the reign of Parakramabahu the Great. Its military intervened in a civil war in the Pandya country of southern India, briefly bringing Pandya territory and tributaries of the Chola Empire under its influence before the Cholas defeated it in the 1170s. Despite prosperity under kings such as Parakramabahu I, the kingdom suffered repeated instability from factionalism between the Pandya and Kalinga royal bloodlines, letting military generals install puppet rulers, and in 1215 the invader Kalinga Magha captured the kingdom, sacked Polonnaruwa and moved the capital to the Jaffna peninsula, ending the regions long-standing civilization and prompting mass migration south. The kingdoms territory later gave rise to the Kingdom of Dambadeniya in 1232 under Vijayabahu III. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/