Concordat of Bologna

The Concordat of Bologna was an agreement between King Francis I of France and Pope Leo X, negotiated in the wake of Francis's victory at Marignano in September 1515 and signed in Rome on August 18, 1516. It superseded the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges of 1438, which had failed to guarantee the privileges of the Church in France. The concordat let the Pope collect all income the Catholic Church earned in France while confirming the King's right to tithe clerics and restrict their appeal to Rome, and it confirmed the King's right to nominate appointments to French benefices, including archbishops, bishops, abbots and priors, while reserving canonical installation of those officeholders to the Pope. It also confirmed the Apostolic Camera's right to collect annates, the first year's revenue from each benefice, and discontinued the fiction of elections to bishoprics by canons and to abbacies by monks. The concordat met bitter opposition from the Parlement of France and the University of Paris. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/