This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.
The VOC's monopoly over nutmeg and mace rested on control of a single tiny archipelago, the Banda Islands, and the Company enforced that control with a brutality its own celebratory histories tend to pass over quickly. In 1621 the Company's governor-general, Jan Pieterszoon Coen, led an expedition against the Bandanese for repeatedly trading with English and other rivals in defiance of the Company's claimed monopoly. Company forces killed most of the islands' adult population, estimates commonly cited run to roughly fifteen thousand people out of a population of perhaps fifteen to thirty thousand, through combat, starvation, deportation, and execution of local leaders, and resettled the islands with enslaved laborers and Dutch planters to run the nutmeg groves directly. Gaastra's history of the Company situates Banda within a wider pattern: the VOC repeatedly used organized violence, forced cultivation, and coerced labor to secure the spice monopolies its shareholders profited from, whether in the Moluccas, Ceylon, or the Cape. The episode sits uneasily beside the Company's own reputation as history's first great corporation and a symbol of Dutch commercial ingenuity, and modern Dutch historical reckoning has increasingly named Banda alongside the Company's slave trading and colonial wars as part of the same balance sheet that once impressed investors on the Amsterdam exchange.