History Atlas
Claims this atlas currently marks as unsettled or as tested and found false. A debated fact is one scholars hold competing positions on; a debunked one has been checked against the record and found not to hold. Both are kept in view rather than quietly smoothed over, with the reasoning that put each one where it stands.
296 statements marked Debated.
Morocco, Start Year1956
Morocco, Polities
Standing
Concerns Start Year
Currently States 1956
The lead names two real candidate founding points: the Idrisid dynasty's establishment by Idris I in 788, which the source itself uses to call Morocco one of the world's oldest continuously existing states, and the 1956 restoration of independence from French and Spanish protectorate rule under Sultan Mohammed V. Recorded here as 1956, the modern state's own independence date, with 788 named as the source's own much older alternate rather than silently dropped.
Source Wikipedia: Morocco
Muhammad, Birth Year570
Muhammad, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 570
Islamic tradition places his birth in the Year of the Elephant, conventionally correlated to 570 CE, but the precise year is not fixed by a contemporary record and historians' estimates range across a few years either side.
Source The Cambridge Medieval History
Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, Birth Year864
Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 864
Sources give 864 or 865 CE (250 or 251 AH); this record uses the earlier candidate year.
Source Wikipedia: Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, Death Year925
Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States 925
Sources give 925 or 935 CE (313 or 323 AH); this record uses the earlier candidate year, matching the entitys existing description.
Source Wikipedia: Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
Murasaki Shikibu, Death Year1014
Murasaki Shikibu, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States 1014
Most scholars accept 1014, but Bowring and Waley argue for a date as late as 1025; not settled.
Source Wikipedia: Murasaki Shikibu
Murasaki Shikibu, Birth NameFujiwara no Kaoruko (scholarly conjecture, unconfirmed)
Murasaki Shikibu, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Name
Currently States Fujiwara no Kaoruko (scholarly conjecture, unconfirmed)
Her personal name is unknown; Fujiwara no Kaoruko is a proposed identification from a 1007 court diary entry, not a settled fact.
Source Wikipedia: Murasaki Shikibu
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Birth Year1881
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1881
Wikipedia gives the birth year as c. 1881; no birth record survives and the exact date is conventionally celebrated as 19 May.
Source Wikipedia: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Nader Shah, Birth Year1698
Nader Shah, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1698
Sources give either 6 August 1698 or 22 October 1688 as his birth date; the infobox lists both without preferring one.
Source Wikipedia: Nader Shah
Nader Shah, Birth Date1698-08-06
Nader Shah, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Date
Currently States 1698-08-06
Alternate date given is 22 October 1688.
Source Wikipedia: Nader Shah
Nanny of the Maroons, Birth Year1686
Nanny of the Maroons, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1686
Traditional Maroon date; little contemporaneous textual evidence exists for Nanny's early life, which survives mainly through oral history.
Source Nanny of the Maroons (Wikipedia)
Nanny of the Maroons, BirthplaceAsanteman (Asante people), West Africa, per Maroon oral tradition
Nanny of the Maroons, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birthplace
Currently States Asanteman (Asante people), West Africa, per Maroon oral tradition
Recorded only through Maroon oral tradition; no contemporary documentary record confirms an African origin point.
Source Nanny of the Maroons (Wikipedia)
Nanny of the Maroons, Death Year1760
Nanny of the Maroons, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States 1760
The source states the exact date of death is unknown; the 1760s decade is the common estimate.
Source Nanny of the Maroons (Wikipedia)
Nanny of the Maroons, Death PlaceBump Grave, Moore Town, Jamaica (traditional burial site per Maroon oral history)
Nanny of the Maroons, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Place
Currently States Bump Grave, Moore Town, Jamaica (traditional burial site per Maroon oral history)
Burial site is recorded only through Maroon oral history, not documentary record.
Source Nanny of the Maroons (Wikipedia)
Nigerian Civil War, Death Toll, Low Estimate500000.000000
Nigerian Civil War, Events
Standing
Concerns Death Toll, Low Estimate
Currently States 500000.000000
Civilian deaths, overwhelmingly from starvation caused by the wartime blockade, are estimated at 500,000 to 2 million; military casualties on both sides combined are estimated separately at roughly 45,000 to 100,000.
Source Wikipedia: Nigerian Civil War
Nigerian Civil War, Death Toll, High Estimate2000000.000000
Nigerian Civil War, Events
Standing
Concerns Death Toll, High Estimate
Currently States 2000000.000000
Civilian deaths, overwhelmingly from starvation caused by the wartime blockade, are estimated at 500,000 to 2 million; military casualties on both sides combined are estimated separately at roughly 45,000 to 100,000.
Source Wikipedia: Nigerian Civil War
Osman I, Birth Year1258
Osman I, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1258
Sources disagree: one tradition gives 13 February 1258, but historians judge it more likely he was born around 1254 or 1255.
Source Wikipedia: Osman I
Osman I, Death Year1324
Osman I, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States 1324
Exact year disputed among sources: the death is dated variously to 1320, 1323/4, 1326 or 1327 by different chroniclers and historians.
Source Wikipedia: Osman I
Pachacuti, RoleSapa Inca of the Inca Empire; the traditional reign span cited most often is 1438 to 1471 (following the historian John Howland Rowe), though other reconstructions of Inca chronology place it as early as 1400-1448 or as late as 1420-1477.
Pachacuti, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Role
Currently States Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire; the traditional reign span cited most often is 1438 to 1471 (following the historian John Howland Rowe), though other reconstructions of Inca chronology place it as early as 1400-1448 or as late as 1420-1477.
Sources give at least five competing reign chronologies for Pachacuti; Rowe's 1438-1471 is the one most commonly cited in general references.
Source Wikipedia: Pachacuti
Pachacuti, Birth Year1403
Pachacuti, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1403
Del Busto dates his birth to 1403; other reconstructions (Lane) place it around 1418.
Source Wikipedia: Pachacuti
Pachacuti, Death Year1471
Pachacuti, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States 1471
Rowe chronology, used for the reign span already on this entity, dates his death to 1471; Means places it as early as 1448.
Source Wikipedia: Pachacuti