History Atlas
Claims this atlas currently marks as unsettled or as tested and found false. A debated fact is one scholars hold competing positions on; a debunked one has been checked against the record and found not to hold. Both are kept in view rather than quietly smoothed over, with the reasoning that put each one where it stands.
296 statements marked Debated.
Rwandan Genocide, Death Toll, Low Estimate500000.000000
Rwandan Genocide, Events
Standing
Concerns Death Toll, Low Estimate
Currently States 500000.000000
The Rwandan Constitution states over 1 million killed; this entry records the range most scholarly estimates suggest for Tutsi deaths specifically.
Source Rwandan Genocide (Wikipedia)
Rwandan Genocide, Death Toll, High Estimate662000.000000
Rwandan Genocide, Events
Standing
Concerns Death Toll, High Estimate
Currently States 662000.000000
The Rwandan Constitution states over 1 million killed; this entry records the range most scholarly estimates suggest for Tutsi deaths specifically.
Source Rwandan Genocide (Wikipedia)
Sacagawea, Death PlaceFort Manuel Lisa, near present-day Kenel, South Dakota (per the 1812 account); an alternative oral-tradition account places her death decades later on the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming
Sacagawea, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Place
Currently States Fort Manuel Lisa, near present-day Kenel, South Dakota (per the 1812 account); an alternative oral-tradition account places her death decades later on the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming
Documentary sources place her death at Fort Manuel in 1812; Shoshone oral tradition places it much later at Wind River. Both are recorded here rather than silently picking one.
Source Sacagawea (Wikipedia)
Sacagawea, Death Year1812 CE
Sacagawea, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States 1812 CE
1812 is the widely accepted date, recorded in expedition-era documents, but Hidatsa and Shoshone oral traditions hold she lived much longer, into 1869 or 1884; the exact year is a live historical dispute.
Source Sacagawea (Wikipedia)
Sacagawea, Death Date1812-12-20
Sacagawea, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Date
Currently States 1812-12-20
1812 is the widely accepted date, recorded in expedition-era documents, but Hidatsa and Shoshone oral traditions hold she lived much longer, into 1869 or 1884; the exact date is a live historical dispute.
Source Sacagawea (Wikipedia)
Samuel Bronfman, Birth Year1889
Samuel Bronfman, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1889
Scholarly sources (biographer Michael Marrus, The Canadian Encyclopedia) give February 27, 1889, born near Soroki, Bessarabia, then in the Russian Empire, now Moldova. Bronfman himself publicly claimed to have been born in Brandon, Manitoba, in 1891; Marrus concluded this was likely a personal fiction and that he was probably born in Russia shortly before the family emigrated. The Russia and 1889 reading is used here as the better-supported one.
Source Wikipedia
Samuel Bronfman, BirthplaceSoroki or Otaci, Bessarabia, Russian Empire (now Moldova)
Samuel Bronfman, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birthplace
Currently States Soroki or Otaci, Bessarabia, Russian Empire (now Moldova)
Sources split between the neighboring Bessarabian towns of Soroki and Otaci (Soroca uyezd, Russian Empire, both now in Moldova); family tradition holds he was born aboard the ship carrying the family to Canada. His own public claim of Brandon, Manitoba is judged a likely personal fiction by biographer Michael Marrus.
Source Wikipedia
Sargon of Akkad, Death Year-2279
Sargon of Akkad, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States -2279
Circa; the cited source gives only died c. 2279 BC, since ancient Near Eastern chronology for this period carries substantial uncertainty.
Source Wikipedia: Sargon of Akkad
Scipio Africanus, Birth Year-236
Scipio Africanus, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States -236
Wikipedia gives 236 or 235 BC as the two candidate birth years; 236 BC is recorded here.
Source Wikipedia: Scipio Africanus
Sei Shonagon, Death Year1017
Sei Shonagon, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States 1017
Sources place her death between 1017 and 1025; 1017 is the last historical reference to her, but no single consensus year is attested.
Source Wikipedia: Sei Shonagon
Sei Shonagon, Birth NamePossibly Kiyohara no Nagiko (a scholarly conjecture; her actual given name is unknown)
Sei Shonagon, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Name
Currently States Possibly Kiyohara no Nagiko (a scholarly conjecture; her actual given name is unknown)
Her actual given name is not recorded; Kiyohara no Nagiko is one scholarly conjecture, not a settled identification.
Source Wikipedia: Sei Shonagon
Sequoyah, Birth Year1770
Sequoyah, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1770
Lead section gives circa 1770; Early life section states born around 1778; exact year unresolved.
Source Wikipedia: Sequoyah
Sequoyah, Birth Year1778
Sequoyah, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1778
Early life section states born around 1778, differing from the circa 1770 given in the lead section.
Source Wikipedia: Sequoyah
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, BirthplaceNuremberg or Prague
Sitting Bull, Birth Year1837
Sitting Bull, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1837
Wikipedia's infobox gives his birth as circa 1831-37, no single year settled; this uses the latest year in that range, matching the atlas's convention for a stated range (Vlad the Impaler in wave 3).
Source Sitting Bull (Wikipedia)
Society of Jesus, Dissolved1773
Society of Jesus, Organizations
Standing
Concerns Dissolved
Currently States 1773
Pope Clement XIV suppressed the Society of Jesus in 1773 under sustained pressure from Bourbon monarchies; the order continued underground in Prussia and Russia, where Catherine the Great declined to promulgate the suppression brief, and the Church formally lifted the suppression and restored the order in full in 1814. The atlas records 1773 as the year of formal papal suppression while noting the order was never fully extinguished and has operated continuously since 1814.
Source Wikipedia
Soviet-Afghan War, Death Toll, Low Estimate1000000.000000
Soviet-Afghan War, Events
Standing
Concerns Death Toll, Low Estimate
Currently States 1000000.000000
Estimates of Afghan dead, overwhelmingly civilian, range from about one to three million; Soviet military dead are separately put at roughly 14,000 to 26,000.
Source Wikipedia: Soviet-Afghan War
Soviet-Afghan War, Death Toll, High Estimate3000000.000000
Soviet-Afghan War, Events
Standing
Concerns Death Toll, High Estimate
Currently States 3000000.000000
Estimates of Afghan dead, overwhelmingly civilian, range from about one to three million; Soviet military dead are separately put at roughly 14,000 to 26,000.
Source Wikipedia: Soviet-Afghan War
Spain, Start Year1479
Spain, Polities
Standing
Concerns Start Year
Currently States 1479
The source's own language hedges this date, calling 1479 the point 'often seen as' Spain's de facto unification rather than a formally declared founding; recorded as the lead's own best answer, not smoothed into an unqualified fact.
Source Wikipedia: Spain
Spanish Flu, Death Toll, Low Estimate17000000.000000
Spanish Flu, Events
Standing
Concerns Death Toll, Low Estimate
Currently States 17000000.000000
Mainstream estimates range from 17 to 50 million; some estimates go as high as 100 million. Scholarship on the exact toll continues to be revised.
Source Spanish Flu (Wikipedia)