Treaty of Berlin (1878)

The Treaty of Berlin was signed on 13 July 1878, in the aftermath of Russia's victory over the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877 to 1878. The major European powers used it to restructure the map of the Balkans, reversing some of the extreme territorial gains Russia had claimed in the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano while leaving the Ottoman Empire stripped of most of its European holdings. It was the final act of the Congress of Berlin, attended by the United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman Empire, with German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck serving as its chairman and dominant personality.