The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano and Saburo Kurusu, respectively, in the presence of Adolf Hitler. It was a defensive military alliance eventually joined by Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia's accession to the pact provoked a coup d'etat in Belgrade two days later, prompting Germany, Italy and Hungary to invade Yugoslavia; the resulting Italo-German client state, the Independent State of Croatia, joined the pact on 15 June 1941.
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