Abdul Hamid I

Abdul Hamid I was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1774 to 1789. A devout and pacifist ruler, he inherited a bankrupt empire and pursued military reforms, including an overhaul of the Janissaries and the navy, and put down revolts in Syria, Egypt and Greece, but his reign also saw the critical loss of Crimea and defeat by Russia and Austria; the 1774 Treaty of Kucuk Kaynarca granted Russia territorial and religious influence, and he died soon after the fall of Ochakov in 1788.