Historical Figures
Mahmud I
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Mahmud I, known as Mahmud the Hunchback, was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1754, taking the throne after the quelling of the Patrona Halil rebellion. His reign was marked by wars in Persia and conflicts in Europe; he delegated government affairs to his viziers, devoted time to writing poetry, and took advantage of Nader Shah's campaign weakening the Mughal Empire to make war jointly with Muhammad Shah, though the alliance collapsed with Muhammad Shah's death and left tensions between the Ottomans and the Afsharids. In 1748 he outlawed Freemasonry within the Ottoman Empire.
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