Nikephoros III Botaneiates, Latinized Nicephorus III Botaniates, was Byzantine emperor from 7 January 1078 to 1 April 1081. He rose to prominence as a general under Constantine IX Monomachos, serving with distinction in the Pecheneg revolt of 1048 to 1053, and in 1057 helped Isaac I Komnenos overthrow Emperor Michael VI Bringas by leading forces at the decisive Battle of Petroe. Under Constantine X Doukas he was made doux, first of Thessalonica and then of Antioch, where he repelled repeated incursions from the Emirate of Aleppo. After Constantine X died in 1067 and Empress Eudokia Makrembolitissa married Romanos IV Diogenes instead of him, Nikephoros, who had himself been a candidate for her hand and the throne, was exiled and lived in retirement until Emperor Michael VII recalled him to serve as kouropalates and governor of the Anatolic Theme.
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