Scandinavian and Low Countries Monarchs

Sovereigns of Sweden, Denmark, Norway and the Netherlands, spanning the medieval Scandinavian kingdoms, including rulers such as Cnut the Great and Harald Hardrada whose reigns crossed more than one Scandinavian crown or reached into England, through the Kalmar Union era, Christina of Sweden's own reign and abdication, and the Dutch crown's separate line from William the Silent's revolt against Spain onward. A ruler is placed here by a Scandinavian or Dutch crown as the seat of their own reign, grouping these northern European monarchies together because none is individually large enough in this atlas's Monarchs and Rulers subcategory to need its own separate first-level group.