Commagene was an ancient Greco-Iranian kingdom that existed from approximately 163 BC to 72 AD in what is now southern Turkey, ruled by a Hellenized branch of the Orontid dynasty of Iranian origin whose royal line claimed descent from Darius I through marriage. Its capital was Samosata, and its territory corresponded roughly to the modern Turkish provinces of Adiyaman and northern Antep, positioning the kingdom as a buffer state between Armenia, Parthia, Syria and Rome. Commagene maintained varying degrees of independence until the Roman emperor Vespasian definitively absorbed it into the Roman Empire in 72 AD.
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