Almohad Caliphate

The Almohad Caliphate, also called the Almohad Empire, was a North African empire ruled by a Berber Muslim dynasty in the 12th and 13th centuries. At its height it controlled much of the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula. The Almohad movement was founded by Ibn Tumart among the Berber Masmuda tribes, but the caliphate and its ruling Muminid dynasty were founded after his death by Abd al-Mumin, who overthrew the Almoravid dynasty in 1147 by conquering Marrakesh and declaring himself caliph. All of Muslim Iberia was under Almohad rule by 1172. The defeat at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 was the turning point of their presence in Iberia, and the last representative of the line, Idris al-Wathiq, was murdered by a slave in 1269, after which the Marinids seized Marrakesh.