Peace Treaties and Territorial Settlements

Bilateral or small-multilateral instruments ending a war or settling territory between named parties, the characteristic treaty form of the ancient through early modern world and still used for territorial cessions into the modern era. Belongs here: the Peace of Westphalia, the Treaty of Kadesh as the earliest known peace treaty text, the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing overseas claims between Spain and Portugal, the Treaty of Nanking, the Treaty of Paris (1783) ending the American Revolutionary War, the Treaty of Utrecht, the Treaty of Verdun dividing the Carolingian empire, the Treaty of Waitangi, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the Treaty of Shimonoseki, and the Louisiana Purchase as a territorial cession agreement between France and the United States. Does not belong here: a standing multilateral instrument of the League or United Nations era, filed under Modern International Agreements and Pacts, and a document asserting a right or position rather than settling a war or territory, filed under Declarations, Manifestos and Political Essays.