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Disputed Statements

Claims this atlas currently marks as unsettled or as tested and found false. A debated fact is one scholars hold competing positions on; a debunked one has been checked against the record and found not to hold. Both are kept in view rather than quietly smoothed over, with the reasoning that put each one where it stands.

296 statements marked Debated.

Constantine the Great, Birth Year280

Constantine the Great, Historical Figures

Standing

Concerns Birth Year

Currently States 280

Britannica states the birth year for Constantine only as after 280 ce, marked with its own question mark, reflecting genuine scholarly uncertainty over the exact year; no birth-date property is recorded for the same reason.

Source Constantine the Great (Encyclopaedia Britannica)

Crazy Horse, Birth Year1840

Crazy Horse, Historical Figures

Standing

Concerns Birth Year

Currently States 1840

Crazy Horse's exact birth year is not recorded; the source gives c. 1840, a conventional modern estimate, never a precise date.

Source Wikipedia: Crazy Horse

Cyrus the Great, Birth Year-600

Cyrus the Great, Historical Figures

Standing

Concerns Birth Year

Currently States -600

Sources place his birth around 600 BC; the exact year is not precisely attested and is conventionally given as circa.

Dersim massacre, Death Toll, Low Estimate13806.000000

Dersim massacre, Events

Standing

Concerns Death Toll, Low Estimate

Currently States 13806.000000

Official Turkish figure; estimates vary widely.

Source Wikipedia: Dersim massacre

Dersim massacre, Death Toll, High Estimate70000.000000

Dersim massacre, Events

Standing

Concerns Death Toll, High Estimate

Currently States 70000.000000

Upper estimate; estimates vary widely.

Source Wikipedia: Dersim massacre

Diocletian, Death Date0311-12-03

Diocletian, Historical Figures

Standing

Concerns Death Date

Currently States 0311-12-03

Ancient sources disagree on whether Diocletian died in 311 or 312; the source states the date as 3 December 311 (or 312).

Source Wikipedia: Diocletian

Edgar J. Kaufmann Sr., DescriptionUneasy about Wright's limited experience with reinforced concrete, Kaufmann had the cantilever design reviewed by outside consulting engineers without first telling Wright. When their report recommended substantially more steel than Wright had specified, Wright took the review as a breach of trust, demanded his drawings back, and threatened to withdraw from the project entirely; Kaufmann backed down and the report was set aside. The reinforcement was increased regardless, before the concrete was poured, either by the contractor acting quietly or by Kaufmann's own engineers redrawing Wright's rebar plans; accounts differ on which. Wright, on learning of it, wrote to Kaufmann that he had put more into the house than any client had a right to expect, and that without Kaufmann's confidence the whole project could go to hell. The house has stood since 1937, though its longest cantilever had sagged as much as seven inches by the 1990s, arrested by a 2002 post-tensioning repair.

Edgar J. Kaufmann Sr., Historical Figures

Standing

Concerns Description

Currently States Uneasy about Wright's limited experience with reinforced concrete, Kaufmann had the cantilever design reviewed by outside consulting engineers without first telling Wright. When their report recommended substantially more steel than Wright had specified, Wright took the review as a breach of trust, demanded his drawings back, and threatened to withdraw from the project entirely; Kaufmann backed down and the report was set aside. The reinforcement was increased regardless, before the concrete was poured, either by the contractor acting quietly or by Kaufmann's own engineers redrawing Wright's rebar plans; accounts differ on which. Wright, on learning of it, wrote to Kaufmann that he had put more into the house than any client had a right to expect, and that without Kaufmann's confidence the whole project could go to hell. The house has stood since 1937, though its longest cantilever had sagged as much as seven inches by the 1990s, arrested by a 2002 post-tensioning repair.

Sources agree the cantilever reinforcement Wright's staff engineer Mendel Glickman specified was substantially increased before the concrete was poured, and that Wright was furious about it, but disagree on exactly who ordered the increase and how directly his objection was overridden.

Source Misfits' Architecture

Edith Farnsworth, DescriptionArchitectural historian Nora Wendl has argued that the enduring popular story casting Farnsworth as a scorned, jilted woman whose lawsuit was driven by romantic rejection is a misogynistic distortion with little documentary support; Farnsworth's own memoirs are notably discreet on the subject, and pages are missing. Wendl's reading of the trial transcript and correspondence instead finds two people with fundamentally incompatible visions for the house, and a dispute rooted in Farnsworth's refusal to keep paying escalating costs, not in spurned affection. She argues the romantic framing reduced a physician and translator to the tired trope of the jealous ex-lover, obscuring what the dispute was actually about.

Edith Farnsworth, Historical Figures

Standing

Concerns Description

Currently States Architectural historian Nora Wendl has argued that the enduring popular story casting Farnsworth as a scorned, jilted woman whose lawsuit was driven by romantic rejection is a misogynistic distortion with little documentary support; Farnsworth's own memoirs are notably discreet on the subject, and pages are missing. Wendl's reading of the trial transcript and correspondence instead finds two people with fundamentally incompatible visions for the house, and a dispute rooted in Farnsworth's refusal to keep paying escalating costs, not in spurned affection. She argues the romantic framing reduced a physician and translator to the tired trope of the jealous ex-lover, obscuring what the dispute was actually about.

Popular accounts long framed Farnsworth as a spurned romantic interest who sued out of wounded feeling; architectural historian Nora Wendl's archival research, drawing on the trial record and Farnsworth's own correspondence, argues this reading is an unsupported later invention.

Source Chicago Sun-Times

Edith Farnsworth, Death Date1977-12-05

Edith Farnsworth, Historical Figures

Standing

Concerns Death Date

Currently States 1977-12-05

Sources disagree between December 4 and December 5, 1977.

Source Wikipedia

Eighty Years' War, Year1568

Eighty Years' War, Events

Standing

Concerns Year

Currently States 1568

The source itself gives the start as an approximate, dual-year range, c. 1566/1568, never a single clean year; recorded here as 1568, the more commonly cited starting point, with the 1566 alternative named in this note rather than silently dropped.

Source Wikipedia: Eighty Years' War

February 28 incident, Death Toll, Low Estimate18000.000000

February 28 incident, Events

Standing

Concerns Death Toll, Low Estimate

Currently States 18000.000000

Fatalities are officially unknown; 18,000 is the low end of a 1992 government report and other estimates are much lower

Source Wikipedia: February 28 incident

February 28 incident, Death Toll, High Estimate28000.000000

February 28 incident, Events

Standing

Concerns Death Toll, High Estimate

Currently States 28000.000000

Fatalities are officially unknown; 28,000 is the high end of a 1992 government report and other estimates are much lower

Source Wikipedia: February 28 incident

Founding of Tenochtitlan, Year1345

Founding of Tenochtitlan, Events

Standing

Concerns Year

Currently States 1345

This entity's existing description and many other accounts give 1325 CE as the traditional founding year; World History Encyclopedia gives 1345 CE. This row follows the sourced figure below.

Source Tenochtitlan, World History Encyclopedia

French East India Company, Dissolved1794

French East India Company, Organizations

Standing

Concerns Dissolved

Currently States 1794

The company passed through repeated insolvency and reorganization (bankrupt 1685, restructured, bankrupt again 1706, absorbed into John Law's Company in 1719 and continued as the Compagnie des Indes) before its final liquidation in 1794; sources differ on which point marks its true end.

French Wars of Religion, Death Toll, Low Estimate2000000.000000

French Wars of Religion, Events

Standing

Concerns Death Toll, Low Estimate

Currently States 2000000.000000

The lower end of the total war-dead estimate, from violence, famine and disease over the eight wars, roughly a tenth of France's pre-war population. The figure has been specifically challenged as difficult to verify against the surviving parish and military records, so it is recorded here as the widely cited estimate rather than a settled count.

Source The French Wars of Religion, 1559-1598, R. J. Knecht

French Wars of Religion, Death Toll, High Estimate4000000.000000

French Wars of Religion, Events

Standing

Concerns Death Toll, High Estimate

Currently States 4000000.000000

The higher end of the same estimate, roughly a sixth of France's pre-war population, carrying the same verifiability caveat as the lower bound.

Source The French Wars of Religion, 1559-1598, R. J. Knecht

Gautama Buddha, Birth Year-477

Gautama Buddha, Historical Figures

Standing

Concerns Birth Year

Currently States -477

No specific birth year is directly attested; long-chronology and short-chronology scholarship disagree by roughly 60-100 years. Value here follows K.T.S. Sarao's Short Chronology (c. 477-397 BCE), one of several competing scholarly estimates; other historians place his life a century earlier.

Source Wikipedia: The Buddha

Gautama Buddha, Death Year-397

Gautama Buddha, Historical Figures

Standing

Concerns Death Year

Currently States -397

No specific death year is directly attested; long-chronology and short-chronology scholarship disagree by roughly 60-100 years. Value here follows K.T.S. Sarao's Short Chronology (c. 477-397 BCE), one of several competing scholarly estimates; other historians place his death a century earlier.

Source Wikipedia: The Buddha

Genghis Khan, Birth Year1155

Genghis Khan, Historical Figures

Standing

Concerns Birth Year

Currently States 1155

According To Rashid al-Din, Jami al-Tawarikh (Ilkhanid Persian chronicle, early 14th century)

No source contemporary with Genghis Khan's birth survives; three principal traditions propose different years, and no consensus exists.

Source The Cambridge Medieval History

Genghis Khan, Birth Year1167

Genghis Khan, Historical Figures

Standing

Concerns Birth Year

Currently States 1167

According To Yuan Shi (official Chinese dynastic history of the Yuan, compiled 1370)

Compiled well over a century after Genghis Khan's death, from Mongol court records.

Source The Cambridge Medieval History