History Atlas
Claims this atlas currently marks as unsettled or as tested and found false. A debated fact is one scholars hold competing positions on; a debunked one has been checked against the record and found not to hold. Both are kept in view rather than quietly smoothed over, with the reasoning that put each one where it stands.
296 statements marked Debated.
Genghis Khan, Birth Year1162
Genghis Khan, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1162
According To Secret History of the Mongols (as reconstructed by Ratchnevsky)
Derived from the internal chronology of the Secret History of the Mongols rather than from an explicit date in it.
Source The Cambridge Medieval History
Genghis Khan, BirthplaceNear the confluence of the Onon and Balj rivers, in what is now Khentii Province, Mongolia (traditionally identified as Deluun Boldog)
Genghis Khan, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birthplace
Currently States Near the confluence of the Onon and Balj rivers, in what is now Khentii Province, Mongolia (traditionally identified as Deluun Boldog)
According To Secret History of the Mongols / Mongolian tradition
The Secret History of the Mongols and Mongolian tradition name this general area, but no exact site can be reconciled with certainty by modern historians and geographers.
Source Wikipedia
Genghis Khan, Death Date1227-08-18
Genghis Khan, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Date
Currently States 1227-08-18
According To Yuan Shi (Yuan dynastic history) tradition
The History of Yuan (Yuan Shi) and many modern historians date his death to this day, during the campaign against Western Xia; the precise day is not agreed among sources.
Source Wikipedia
Genghis Khan, Death Date1227-08-25
Genghis Khan, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Date
Currently States 1227-08-25
According To Alternative modern reconstruction
An alternative reckoning of the same campaign's events places his death six days later; sources disagree on which day within this window is correct.
Source Wikipedia
Germany, Start Year1949
Germany, Polities
Standing
Concerns Start Year
Currently States 1949
The lead names two real founding-adjacent dates for the current state: 1949, when the Federal Republic of Germany was established (the entity this atlas's German Empire, Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany polities all precede), and 3 October 1990, when the former East German states joined the FRG in reunification, giving Germany its present form and borders. Recorded here as 1949 with 1990 named as the alternate rather than silently dropped.
Source Wikipedia: Germany
Gezer Calendar, Original LanguagePhoenician or a northern dialect of Hebrew
Gezer Calendar, Historical Documents
Standing
Concerns Original Language
Currently States Phoenician or a northern dialect of Hebrew
Scholars are divided between Phoenician and a northern dialect of Hebrew; the script is also disputed.
Source Gezer calendar, Wikipedia
Great Famine (Ireland), Death Toll, Low Estimate1000000.000000
Great Famine (Ireland), Events
Standing
Concerns Death Toll, Low Estimate
Currently States 1000000.000000
The exact death toll is not known; contemporary record-keeping was incomplete. Roughly one million deaths is the commonly cited estimate.
Source Great Famine (Ireland) (Wikipedia)
Great Famine (Ireland), Death Toll, High Estimate1000000.000000
Great Famine (Ireland), Events
Standing
Concerns Death Toll, High Estimate
Currently States 1000000.000000
The exact death toll is not known; contemporary record-keeping was incomplete. Roughly one million deaths is the commonly cited estimate.
Source Great Famine (Ireland) (Wikipedia)
Great Peacemaker, BirthplaceDisputed: oral tradition places his origin variously among the Huron (Wendake), the Mohawk, or the Onondaga.
Great Peacemaker, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birthplace
Currently States Disputed: oral tradition places his origin variously among the Huron (Wendake), the Mohawk, or the Onondaga.
Traditions genuinely differ on his originating nation; the article gives all three without resolving them.
Source Wikipedia: Great Peacemaker
Great Zimbabwe, End Year1600
Great Zimbabwe, Civilizations
Standing
Concerns End Year
Currently States 1600
Great Zimbabwe was abandoned by the sixteenth or seventeenth century; historians propose several contributing causes, including decline in long-distance trade, depletion of local resources, and exhaustion of water or grazing capacity, while a climate-change explanation is considered unlikely given otherwise favorable rainfall in the period. Shona oral tradition attributes the abandonment to a salt shortage, possibly a figurative account rather than a literal one.
Source Wikipedia: Great Zimbabwe
Hafez, Birth Year1315
Hafez, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1315
The article is internally inconsistent: its own lead gives 1325, while its Life section says modern scholars generally agree on 1315 or 1317 (one scholar, Gulfishan Khan, suggests 1320). Recorded here as 1315, the figure the body text treats as the scholarly consensus view, with the competing years kept on record rather than silently resolved.
Source Wikipedia: Hafez
Hafez, Death Year1390
Hafez, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States 1390
The article's Life section gives 1390 per an account by Jami, but its own separate Death and Tomb section gives AH 791, which is 1389; the source does not resolve this one-year discrepancy itself.
Source Wikipedia: Hafez
Hammurabi, Birth Year-1810
Hammurabi, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States -1810
Hammurabi own birth date is not directly recorded; circa 1810 BC is inferred from his reign dates, circa 1792 to 1750 BC, which are themselves subject to the wider unresolved dispute among historians over Mesopotamian chronology.
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Hammurabi, Death Year-1750
Hammurabi, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States -1750
1750 BC is the conventional end date of Hammurabi reign under the widely used Middle Chronology. Other Mesopotamian chronological schemes shift this and every other Old Babylonian date by up to several decades, a dispute that remains genuinely unresolved among historians.
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Hannibal, Death Year-183
Hannibal, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States -183
Wikipedia gives a range of 183 to 181 BC for the year of death (aged between 64 and 66); 183 BC, the earliest year in the range, is recorded here.
Source Wikipedia: Hannibal
Hanseatic League, Founded1356
Hanseatic League, Organizations
Standing
Concerns Founded
Currently States 1356
The first formal Hanseatic Diet met at Lubeck on 2 February 1356, but merchant associations already calling themselves a hansa were active from the mid twelfth century, and Lubeck and Hamburg had formed an official trading partnership by 1241.
Source Hanseatic League (World History Encyclopedia)
Hanseatic League, Dissolved1862
Hanseatic League, Organizations
Standing
Concerns Dissolved
Currently States 1862
The last Hanseatic Diet met at Lubeck in 1669 with fewer than ten cities represented, after which the League functioned only as a residual legal association among Lubeck, Hamburg and Bremen; that association was not formally dissolved until 1862.
Source Hanseatic League (World History Encyclopedia)
Harold Godwinson, Birth Year1022
Harold Godwinson, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1022
The infobox gives Harold's birth as circa 1022 or 1023; the earlier of the two candidate years is recorded here.
Source Wikipedia: Harold Godwinson
Harun al-Rashid, Birth Year763
Harun al-Rashid, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 763
Sources give two candidate birth years, 17 March 763 or February 766; the exact year is unresolved.
Source Wikipedia: Harun al-Rashid
Hatshepsut, Birth Year-1505
Hatshepsut, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States -1505
Circa, Low Chronology per the cited source; Egyptian regnal-year chronology for this period carries acknowledged uncertainty of years to decades.
Source Wikipedia: Hatshepsut