History Atlas
Claims this atlas currently marks as unsettled or as tested and found false. A debated fact is one scholars hold competing positions on; a debunked one has been checked against the record and found not to hold. Both are kept in view rather than quietly smoothed over, with the reasoning that put each one where it stands.
148 statements marked Debated.
French Wars of Religion, Death Toll, Low Estimate2000000.000000
French Wars of Religion, Events
Standing
Concerns Death Toll, Low Estimate
Currently States 2000000.000000
The lower end of the total war-dead estimate, from violence, famine and disease over the eight wars, roughly a tenth of France's pre-war population. The figure has been specifically challenged as difficult to verify against the surviving parish and military records, so it is recorded here as the widely cited estimate rather than a settled count.
Source The French Wars of Religion, 1559-1598, R. J. Knecht
French Wars of Religion, Death Toll, High Estimate4000000.000000
Genghis Khan, Birth Year1155
Genghis Khan, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1155
According To Rashid al-Din, Jami al-Tawarikh (Ilkhanid Persian chronicle, early 14th century)
No source contemporary with Genghis Khan's birth survives; three principal traditions propose different years, and no consensus exists.
Source The Cambridge Medieval History
Genghis Khan, Birth Year1167
Genghis Khan, Birth Year1162
Genghis Khan, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States 1162
According To Secret History of the Mongols (as reconstructed by Ratchnevsky)
Derived from the internal chronology of the Secret History of the Mongols rather than from an explicit date in it.
Source The Cambridge Medieval History
Genghis Khan, BirthplaceNear the confluence of the Onon and Balj rivers, in what is now Khentii Province, Mongolia (traditionally identified as Deluun Boldog)
Genghis Khan, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birthplace
Currently States Near the confluence of the Onon and Balj rivers, in what is now Khentii Province, Mongolia (traditionally identified as Deluun Boldog)
According To Secret History of the Mongols / Mongolian tradition
The Secret History of the Mongols and Mongolian tradition name this general area, but no exact site can be reconciled with certainty by modern historians and geographers.
Source Wikipedia
Genghis Khan, Death Date1227-08-18
Genghis Khan, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Date
Currently States 1227-08-18
According To Yuan Shi (Yuan dynastic history) tradition
The History of Yuan (Yuan Shi) and many modern historians date his death to this day, during the campaign against Western Xia; the precise day is not agreed among sources.
Source Wikipedia
Genghis Khan, Death Date1227-08-25
Genghis Khan, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Date
Currently States 1227-08-25
According To Alternative modern reconstruction
An alternative reckoning of the same campaign's events places his death six days later; sources disagree on which day within this window is correct.
Source Wikipedia
Great Zimbabwe, End Year1600
Great Zimbabwe, Civilizations
Standing
Concerns End Year
Currently States 1600
Great Zimbabwe was abandoned by the sixteenth or seventeenth century; historians propose several contributing causes, including decline in long-distance trade, depletion of local resources, and exhaustion of water or grazing capacity, while a climate-change explanation is considered unlikely given otherwise favorable rainfall in the period. Shona oral tradition attributes the abandonment to a salt shortage, possibly a figurative account rather than a literal one.
Source Wikipedia: Great Zimbabwe
Hammurabi, Birth Year-1810
Hammurabi, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Birth Year
Currently States -1810
Hammurabi own birth date is not directly recorded; circa 1810 BC is inferred from his reign dates, circa 1792 to 1750 BC, which are themselves subject to the wider unresolved dispute among historians over Mesopotamian chronology.
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Hammurabi, Death Year-1750
Hammurabi, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States -1750
1750 BC is the conventional end date of Hammurabi reign under the widely used Middle Chronology. Other Mesopotamian chronological schemes shift this and every other Old Babylonian date by up to several decades, a dispute that remains genuinely unresolved among historians.
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Hannibal, Death Year-183
Hannibal, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Death Year
Currently States -183
Wikipedia gives a range of 183 to 181 BC for the year of death (aged between 64 and 66); 183 BC, the earliest year in the range, is recorded here.
Source Wikipedia: Hannibal
Hanseatic League, Founded1356
Hanseatic League, Organizations
Standing
Concerns Founded
Currently States 1356
The first formal Hanseatic Diet met at Lubeck on 2 February 1356, but merchant associations already calling themselves a hansa were active from the mid twelfth century, and Lubeck and Hamburg had formed an official trading partnership by 1241.
Source Hanseatic League (World History Encyclopedia)
Hanseatic League, Dissolved1862
Hanseatic League, Organizations
Standing
Concerns Dissolved
Currently States 1862
The last Hanseatic Diet met at Lubeck in 1669 with fewer than ten cities represented, after which the League functioned only as a residual legal association among Lubeck, Hamburg and Bremen; that association was not formally dissolved until 1862.
Source Hanseatic League (World History Encyclopedia)
Harold Godwinson, Birth Year1022
Harun al-Rashid, Birth Year763
John of England, Birth Year1167
Krupp, Dissolved1999
Krupp, Organizations
Standing
Concerns Dissolved
Currently States 1999
Krupp did not close; in 1999 Fried. Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp merged with Thyssen AG to form ThyssenKrupp AG, ending Krupp's existence as an independent company while its operations continue within the merged firm.
Source Krupp Family and Firm (Encyclopaedia Britannica), Encyclopaedia Britannica Editors
Late Antiquity, Start Year200
Late Antiquity, Eras
Standing
Concerns Start Year
Currently States 200
Conventionally placed in the third century CE; the exact starting point is disputed and depends on which region and which historian's framework is used.
Source Wikipedia
Late Antiquity, End Year700
Late Antiquity, Eras
Standing
Concerns End Year
Currently States 700
Conventionally closed in the seventh century CE; the exact geographical and chronological scope remains a live scholarly debate.
Source Wikipedia