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Era

Classical Antiquity

Also Known As Antiquity
The Classical World

Classical Antiquity is the period, conventionally dated from around 800 BCE to 476 CE, dominated by the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. It begins with the Archaic period of Greece, when the city state, or polis, emerged as the era's characteristic political form and the Homeric epics were composed, and continues through Greece's Classical and Hellenistic periods, in which philosophy, drama, democracy and monumental art flourished in Athens and were later spread across the eastern Mediterranean and Near East by Alexander the Great's conquests. Rome, beginning as one city state among many in Italy, expanded first into a republic and then an empire that at its height controlled the entire Mediterranean basin, western Europe, and parts of the Near East and North Africa, absorbing and transmitting much of Greek culture in the process. Classical Antiquity is conventionally closed by the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE, though the eastern half of the empire, later called Byzantine, continued for another thousand years, and historians differ over how sharp or gradual the transition to the following era really was.

Facts
Disputed
Start Year
800 BCE 2
Some historians prefer 776 BCE, the traditional date of the first Olympic Games, or 750 BCE, roughly when the Greek alphabet and the earliest poleis appear. 800 BCE is a convenient round marker for the start of the Archaic period rather than a precisely dated event.
End Year
476 1
476 CE, the traditional date of the deposition of the last Western Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, is a convenient political marker, but historians increasingly treat the end of antiquity as a gradual transformation rather than a single collapse, and some prefer 330 CE, the founding of Constantinople, or 500 CE as alternative boundaries.
Geographic Scope
Centered on the Mediterranean basin, chiefly Greece and Rome, extending into the Near East after Alexander the Great's conquests and across western Europe and North Africa under Roman rule. It does not describe East Asia, South Asia or the Americas, where entirely different periodizations, organized around dynasties such as Han China or the Mauryan and Gupta empires in India, apply to these same centuries. 1
Classical Antiquity
Filter Results8 entries
Connections

Includes

Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Source Wikipedia: Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Source Wikipedia: Archimedes
Source Ashoka (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Ashurbanipal
Source Assassination of Julius Caesar (Wikipedia)
Source Attalid Kingdom (Wikipedia)
Attila the Hun, Historical Figures

Attila died in 453, before this atlas's own Classical Antiquity to Post-Classical boundary at 476 (the fall of the Western Roman Empire); his invasions are among the pressures that led to it.

Source Wikipedia: Bar Kokhba revolt
Source Battle of Adrianople, Wikipedia
Source Wikipedia: Cambyses II
Source Wikipedia: Cao Cao
Source Wikipedia: Cao Pi
Cao Wei, Polities
Source Wikipedia: Cao Wei
Champa, Polities
Source Champa (Wikipedia)
Source Chandragupta Maurya (Wikipedia)
Source Chronograph of 354 (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Confucius
Source Darius the Great (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Diocletian
Eastern Wu, Polities
Source Wikipedia: Eastern Wu
Source Edict of Milan (Wikipedia)
Source Edicts of Ashoka, Wikipedia
Source Emperor Gaozu of Han (Wikipedia)
Source Emperor Huan of Han (Wikipedia)
Source Emperor Jing of Han (Wikipedia)
Source Emperor Ling of Han (Wikipedia)
Source Emperor Wen of Han (Wikipedia)
Source Emperor Xian of Han (Wikipedia)
Source Empress Jingū (Wikipedia)
Source Empress Lü (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Zenobia
Source Wikipedia: Han dynasty
Source Wikipedia: First Jewish-Roman War
Source Wikipedia: Han dynasty
Source Wikipedia: The Buddha
Source Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (Wikipedia)
Source Greco-Persian Wars (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Gwanggaeto the Great
Source Wikipedia: Hadrian
Han dynasty, Polities
Source Wikipedia: Han dynasty
Source Wikipedia: Hannibal
Source Wikipedia: Hasmonean dynasty
Source Himiko (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Homer
Source Hypatia (Wikipedia)
Source Indo-Greek Kingdom (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Jin dynasty (266-420)
Kalinga War, Events
Source Kalinga War, Wikipedia
Source Wikipedia: Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
Source Kingdom of Bithynia (Wikipedia)
Source Kingdom of Cappadocia (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Commagene
Source Wikipedia: Epirus (ancient state)
Source Funan, Wikipedia
Source Kingdom of Kush (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Source Kingdom of Pontus (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Lachish Letters
Source Laozi (Wikipedia)
Source Liu Bei (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Mahavira
Source Wikipedia: Mani (prophet)
Source Wikipedia: Marcus Aurelius
Source Marcus Licinius Crassus (Wikipedia)
Source Maurya Empire (Wikipedia)
Source Median Empire (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Nabonidus
Source Wikipedia: Nabonidus Chronicle
Source Cylinders of Nabonidus (Wikipedia)
Source Nagarjuna (Wikipedia)
Source Nebuchadnezzar II (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Neo-Assyrian Empire
Source Wikipedia: Neo-Babylonian Empire
Source Pallava Dynasty (Wikipedia)
Source Pandya Dynasty (Wikipedia)
Source Parthian Empire, Wikipedia
Source Peloponnesian War (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Periplus of the Euxine Sea
Source Pope Alexander I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Anastasius I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Anicetus (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Anterus (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Boniface I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Caius (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Callixtus I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Celestine I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Clement I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Cornelius (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Damasus I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Dionysius (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Eleutherius (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Eusebius (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Eutychian (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Evaristus (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Fabian (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Felix I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Hilarius (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Hyginus (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Innocent I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Julius I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Leo I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Liberius (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Lucius I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Marcellinus (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Marcellus I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Mark (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Miltiades (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Pius I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Pontian (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Siricius (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Sixtus I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Sixtus II (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Sixtus III (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Soter (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Stephen I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Sylvester I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Telesphorus (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Urban I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Victor I (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Zephyrinus (Wikipedia)
Source Pope Zosimus (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Ptolemaic Kingdom
Source Wikipedia: Pytheas
Qin dynasty, Polities
Source Qin dynasty (Wikipedia)
Source Qin Shi Huang (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Romulus
Source Wikipedia: Sasanian Empire
Source Wikipedia: Scipio Africanus
Source Wikipedia: Seleucid Empire
Source Wikipedia: Sennacherib
Shu Han, Polities
Source Wikipedia: Shu Han
Source Wikipedia: Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)
Source Sima Yan (Wikipedia)
Source Spartacus (Wikipedia)
Source Sun Quan (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Sun Tzu

Why this is disputed. Classical antiquity periodization is usually centered on Greece and Rome, but historians commonly include the Achaemenid Empire as the major contemporary Near Eastern power shaping and shaped by the classical world.

Placed in its broad period by the atlas SubLabel and dated range

Source The Cambridge Ancient History

Placed in its broad period by the atlas SubLabel and dated range

Placed in its broad period by the atlas SubLabel and dated range

Source Wikipedia
Additional Source Wikipedia: Hellenistic PeriodHellenistic period, in relation to Classical Antiquity

Placed in its broad period by the atlas SubLabel and dated range

Placed in its broad period by the atlas SubLabel and dated range

The Pax Romana, Eras
Source Wikipedia

Placed in its broad period by the atlas SubLabel and dated range

The Punic Wars, Events
Source The Cambridge Ancient History

Placed in its broad period by the atlas SubLabel and dated range

Source Tomyris (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Trajan
Source Twelve Tables (Wikipedia)
Source Qin's wars of unification, Wikipedia
Source Vandal Kingdom (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Visigothic Kingdom
Source Xerxes I (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Zenobia
Source Wikipedia: Zhang Heng
Zhou dynasty, Polities
Source Wikipedia: Zhou dynasty

Held Differently

Late Antiquity, Eras

Why this is disputed. Late Antiquity offers a rival periodization of the same centuries rather than accepting Classical Antiquity's conventional 476 CE close.

Source Wikipedia

Related To

Succeeded By

Late Antiquity, Eras

Sequence of periods following the standard historical periodization

In the Other Atlases
Sources
1. The Cambridge Ancient History
Cambridge University PressVols. IV-VIII, Greece, the Hellenistic World and Rome
2. Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.View the Source
Wikipedia
Wikipedia
  • Related To: Late Antiquity, Late antiquity, Chronological range, vs Classical Antiquity
    the exact geographical and chronological scope of late antiquity remains a matter of debate among contemporary scholars.
  • Includes: The Pax Romana, Pax Romana, in relation to Classical Antiquity
    a roughly 200-year-long period of ancient Rome.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Hannibal
WikipediaIncludes: Hannibal, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Hannibal, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 247 BC; died 183-181 BC (aged between 64-66)
View the Source
Wikipedia: Scipio Africanus
WikipediaIncludes: Scipio Africanus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Scipio Africanus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 236 or 235 BC; died c. 183 BC
View the Source
Qin Shi Huang (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Qin Shi Huang, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Qin Shi Huang, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born February 259 BC; died 12 July 210 BC (aged 49)
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Ashoka (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Ashoka, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Ashoka, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 304 BCE; died 232 BCE (aged 72)
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Xerxes I (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Xerxes I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Xerxes I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 518 BC; died 465 BC
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Nebuchadnezzar II (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Nebuchadnezzar II, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Nebuchadnezzar II, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born circa 642 BC; died 7 October 562 BC (aged circa 79/80)
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Darius the Great (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Darius the Great, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Darius the Great, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 550 BCE; died October 486 BCE
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Chandragupta Maurya (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Chandragupta Maurya, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Chandragupta Maurya, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born possibly c. 350-340 BCE; died after circa 297 BCE
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Laozi (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Laozi, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Laozi, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born abbr|trad.|traditionally 6th century BC, sometimes dated 4th century BC; died trad. 5th century BC
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Wikipedia: Confucius
WikipediaIncludes: Confucius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Confucius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 551 BCE; died c. lk=no|479 BCE (aged 71-72)
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Wikipedia: Archimedes
WikipediaIncludes: Archimedes, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Archimedes, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 287nbspBC; died c. 212nbspBC
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Spartacus (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Spartacus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Spartacus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 103 BC; died 71 BC (aged 32)
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Hypatia (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Hypatia, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Hypatia, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born circa 350-370 AD; died March 415 AD (aged 45-65)
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Wikipedia: Zenobia
Wikipedia
  • Includes: Zenobia, lead paragraph, lifespan
    Infobox: born c. 240; died After 274
  • Includes: Fall of Palmyra, lead paragraph and infobox, dates
    Septimia Zenobia (; ) was a third-century queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria. Many legends surround her ancestry; she was probably not a commoner.
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Wikipedia: Zhang Heng
WikipediaIncludes: Zhang Heng, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Zhang Heng, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born AD 78; died AD death year and age|139|78
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Wikipedia: Ashurbanipal
WikipediaIncludes: Ashurbanipal, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Ashurbanipal, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born circa 685 BC; died 631 BC
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Wikipedia: Mahavira
WikipediaIncludes: Mahavira, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Mahavira, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 599 BCE (traditional); died 527 BCE (Śvetāmbara trad. dating), 510 BCE (Digambara trad. dating)
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Wikipedia: Mani (prophet)
WikipediaIncludes: Mani, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Mani, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. April AD 216; died 2 March AD 274 or 26 February AD 277 (aged 57-58 or 60-61)
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Wikipedia: The Buddha
WikipediaIncludes: Gautama Buddha, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Gautama Buddha, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 563 or 480 BCE; died c. 483 or 400 BCE (aged 80)sfnp|Cousins|1996|Norman|1997|p=33sfnp|Prebish|200
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Wikipedia: Marcus Aurelius
WikipediaIncludes: Marcus Aurelius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Marcus Aurelius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 121-4-26; died 180-3-17
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Wikipedia: Trajan
WikipediaIncludes: Trajan, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Trajan, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 18 September 53; died c. 9 August 117 (aged 63)
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Wikipedia: Hadrian
WikipediaIncludes: Hadrian, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Hadrian, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 24 January 76; died 10 July 138 (aged 62)
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Wikipedia: Diocletian
WikipediaIncludes: Diocletian, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Diocletian, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 23 December c. 242-243sfnm|1a1=Barnes|1y=1982|1pp=30, 46|2a1=CAH|2p=68; died 3 December 311/312 (aged c.|68)
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Wikipedia: Cambyses II
WikipediaIncludes: Cambyses II, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Cambyses II, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died July 522 BC
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Wikipedia: Gwanggaeto the Great
WikipediaIncludes: Gwanggaeto the Great, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Gwanggaeto the Great, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 374; died death year and age|412|374
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Wikipedia: Homer
WikipediaIncludes: Homer, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Homer, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 8th century BC; died
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Nagarjuna (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Nagarjuna, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Nagarjuna, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 150 CE; died c. 250 CE
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Wikipedia: Sun Tzu
WikipediaIncludes: Sun Tzu, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Sun Tzu, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 544 BC (traditional); died 496 BC (traditional; aged 47-48)
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Wikipedia: Pytheas
WikipediaIncludes: Pytheas, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pytheas, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born circa 350 BC; died
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Marcus Licinius Crassus (Wikipedia)
Includes: Marcus Licinius Crassus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Marcus Licinius Crassus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 115 BC; died June 53 BC (aged 61-62)
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Pope Julius I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Julius I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Julius I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 280; died 12 April 352
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Pope Sixtus II (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Sixtus II, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Sixtus II, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born Greece, Roman Empire; died 258-8-6
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Pope Victor I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Victor I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Victor I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 199
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Pope Damasus I (Wikipedia)
Includes: Pope Damasus I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Damasus I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 305; died 11 December 384
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Pope Evaristus (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Evaristus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Evaristus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died circa 108
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Pope Sylvester I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Sylvester I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Sylvester I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 31 December 335
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Pope Alexander I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Alexander I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Alexander I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died circa 119
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Pope Fabian (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Fabian, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Fabian, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 20 January 250
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Pope Pius I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Pius I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Pius I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. late 1st century; died c. 154
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Pope Callixtus I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Callixtus I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Callixtus I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 222
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Pope Pontian (Wikipedia)
Includes: Pope Pontian, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Pontian, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died October 235
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Pope Miltiades (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Miltiades, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Miltiades, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born Unknown date; died 10 or 11 January 314
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Pope Sixtus I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Sixtus I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Sixtus I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 42; died 125 (aged c. 82snd83)
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Pope Liberius (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Liberius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Liberius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 310; died 24 September 366
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Pope Telesphorus (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Telesphorus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Telesphorus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died c. 137
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Pope Zephyrinus (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Zephyrinus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Zephyrinus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 20 December 217
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Pope Urban I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Urban I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Urban I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 175?; died 23 May 230
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Pope Anicetus (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Anicetus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Anicetus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born late 1st century; died April 168
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Pope Hyginus (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Hyginus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Hyginus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 142
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Pope Eleutherius (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Eleutherius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Eleutherius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 24 May 189
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Pope Cornelius (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Cornelius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Cornelius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died June 253
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Pope Dionysius (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Dionysius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Dionysius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 26 December 268
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Pope Innocent I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Innocent I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Innocent I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 12 March 417
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Pope Marcellinus (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Marcellinus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Marcellinus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born unknown date; died 304
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Pope Stephen I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Stephen I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Stephen I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 2 August 257
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Pope Zosimus (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Zosimus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Zosimus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 26 December 418
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Pope Soter (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Soter, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Soter, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died c. 174
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Pope Caius (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Caius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Caius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 22 April 296
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Pope Anterus (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Anterus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Anterus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 3 January 236
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Pope Eusebius (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Eusebius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Eusebius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 3rd century; died 21 October 310
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Pope Felix I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Felix I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Felix I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 30 December 274
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Pope Mark (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Mark, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Mark, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 7 October 336
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Pope Lucius I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Lucius I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Lucius I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 5 March 254
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Pope Anastasius I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Anastasius I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Anastasius I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 19 December 401
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Pope Eutychian (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Eutychian, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Eutychian, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 7 December 283
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Pope Marcellus I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Marcellus I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Marcellus I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 6 January 255; died 16 January 309 (aged 54)
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Pope Siricius (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Siricius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Siricius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 334; died 399-11-26
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Pope Clement I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Clement I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Clement I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died Circa 100
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Emperor Gaozu of Han (Wikipedia)
Includes: Emperor Gaozu of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Emperor Gaozu of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 256 BC or 247 BC; died 1 June 195 BC (aged 61)
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Wikipedia: Cao Cao
WikipediaIncludes: Cao Cao, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Cao Cao, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 155; died 220-3-15
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Wikipedia: Cao Pi
WikipediaIncludes: Cao Pi, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Cao Pi, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. late 187; died 226-6-29
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Liu Bei (Wikipedia)
Includes: Liu Bei, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Liu Bei, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 161; died 10 June 223 (aged 62)
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Sun Quan (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Sun Quan, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Sun Quan, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 182 AD; died 252-5-21
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Sima Yan (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Sima Yan, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Sima Yan, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 236; died 290-5-16
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Tomyris (Wikipedia)
Includes: Tomyris, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Tomyris, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died c.|520s BC
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Empress Lü (Wikipedia)
Includes: Empress Lu Zhi, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Empress Lu Zhi, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 241 BC; died 18 August 180 BC (aged 60-61)
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Pope Boniface I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Boniface I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Boniface I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 4 September 422
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Pope Celestine I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Celestine I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Celestine I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 359; died 27 July 432
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Pope Sixtus III (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Sixtus III, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Sixtus III, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died 18 August 440
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Pope Leo I (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pope Leo I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Leo I, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born circa 391; died 10 November 461 (aged 69-70)
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Pope Hilarius (Wikipedia)
Includes: Pope Hilarius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Pope Hilarius, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born After 395; died 29 February 468
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Emperor Wen of Han (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Emperor Wen of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Emperor Wen of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 203/02 BC; died 6 July 157 BC (aged 46)
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Emperor Jing of Han (Wikipedia)
Includes: Emperor Jing of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Emperor Jing of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 188 BC; died 10 March 141 BC (aged 47)
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Emperor Huan of Han (Wikipedia)
Includes: Emperor Huan of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Emperor Huan of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 132; died 25 January death year and age|168|132
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Emperor Ling of Han (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Emperor Ling of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Emperor Ling of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 156; died 189-5-13
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Emperor Xian of Han (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Emperor Xian of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Emperor Xian of Han, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 2 April 181sfnp|de Crespigny|2007|p=554; died 234-4-21
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Empress Jingū (Wikipedia)
Includes: Empress Jingu, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Empress Jingu, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 169; died 269 (aged 100) (Kojiki)
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Himiko (Wikipedia)
Includes: Himiko, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Himiko, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born ; died c. 247 or 248
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Wikipedia: Sennacherib
Includes: Sennacherib, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Sennacherib, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 745nbspBC; died 20 October 681nbspBC (aged c. lk=no|63/64)
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Wikipedia: Antiochus IV Epiphanes
WikipediaIncludes: Antiochus IV Epiphanes, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Antiochus IV Epiphanes, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born c. 215 BC; died November/December 164 BC (aged 50-51)
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Wikipedia: Romulus
Includes: Romulus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Romulus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born 771 BC (Plutarch); died
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Wikipedia: Nabonidus
Includes: Nabonidus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Quote, Includes: Nabonidus, lead paragraph, lifespan
Infobox: born circa 620-615 BC; died Possibly after 522 BC
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Kingdom of Kush (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Kingdom of Kush, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Kingdom of Kush, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Kingdom of Kush, also known as the Kushite Empire, or simply Kush, was an ancient kingdom in Nubia, centered along the Nile Valley in what is now northern Sudan and southern Egypt.
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Qin dynasty (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Qin dynasty, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Qin dynasty, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Qin dynasty ( ) was the first imperial dynasty of China. It is named for its progenitor state of Qin, a fief of the confederal Zhou dynasty (, 256
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Maurya Empire (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Maurya Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Maurya Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia with its power base in Magadha.
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Wikipedia: Han dynasty
Wikipedia
  • Includes: Han dynasty, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
    The Han dynasty (202 BC9 AD, 25-220 AD) was an imperial dynasty of China established by Liu Bang, and preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221-206 BC) and the interregnum known as the Chu-Han Contention (206-202 BC).
  • Includes: Fall of the Han Dynasty, lead paragraph, dates
    The Han dynasty (202 BC9 AD, 25-220 AD) was an imperial dynasty of China established by Liu Bang, and preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221-206 BC) and the interregnum known as the Chu-Han Contention (206-202 BC).
  • Includes: Founding of the Han Dynasty, lead paragraph, dates
    The Han dynasty (202 BC9 AD, 25-220 AD) was an imperial dynasty of China established by Liu Bang, and preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221-206 BC) and the interregnum known as the Chu-Han Contention (206-202 BC).
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Wikipedia: Neo-Assyrian Empire
WikipediaIncludes: Neo-Assyrian Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Neo-Assyrian Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history.
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Wikipedia: Sasanian Empire
WikipediaIncludes: Sasanian Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Sasanian Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr (), was an Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651 AD (the era
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Wikipedia: Zhou dynasty
WikipediaIncludes: Zhou dynasty, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Zhou dynasty, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Zhou dynasty ( ; , ) was a royal dynasty of China that existed for 790 years from until 256 BC, the longest span of any dynasty in Chinese
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Wikipedia: Neo-Babylonian Empire
WikipediaIncludes: Neo-Babylonian Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Neo-Babylonian Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to ancient Mesopotamia.
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Wikipedia: Seleucid Empire
Includes: Seleucid Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Seleucid Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Seleucid Empire ( ) was a Greek state in West Asia during the Hellenistic period. It was founded by the Macedonian general Seleucus I Nicator in
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Wikipedia: Ptolemaic Kingdom
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Ptolemaic Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Ptolemaic Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Ptolemaic Kingdom (; , ) or Ptolemaic Empire was an ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. It was founded in 305 BC
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Parthian Empire, Wikipedia
Includes: Parthian Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Parthian Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Parthian Empire (), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to
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Median Empire (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Median Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Median Empire, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Media (; ; ) was a polity centered in Ecbatana that existed from the 7th century BCE until the mid-6th century BCE, and is believed to have dominated
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Champa (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Champa, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Champa, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Champa was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day central and southern Vietnam from
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Pandya Dynasty (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pandya Dynasty, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Pandya Dynasty, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Pandya dynasty (), also referred to as the Pandyas of Madurai, was an ancient Tamil dynasty of South India, and among the four great kingdoms of
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Pallava Dynasty (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Pallava Dynasty, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Pallava Dynasty, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Pallava dynasty ruled from 275 to 897 in southern India, including a significant portion of the Deccan and Tondaimandalam.
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Funan, Wikipedia
Includes: Kingdom of Funan, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Kingdom of Funan, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Funan was a loose network of ancient Indianized states (mandalas) located in Mainland Southeast Asia, covering parts of present-day Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam, that existed from the 1st to the 7th century CE.
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Attalid Kingdom (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Attalid Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Attalid Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
, one of the steepest theatres in the world, has a capacity of 10,000 people and was constructed in the 3rd century
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Kingdom of Pontus (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Kingdom of Pontus, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Kingdom of Pontus, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Pontus ( , sea) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus, in northern Anatolia, on the southern coast of the Black Sea
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Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom () was a Greek kingdom during the Hellenistic period located in Central Asia and Afghanistan. The kingdom was founded by
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Indo-Greek Kingdom (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Indo-Greek Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Indo-Greek Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Indo-Greek Kingdom, also known as the Yavana Kingdom, were Hellenistic-era Greek kingdoms in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent covering most of modern-day Pakistan, parts of northwestern India and some eastern parts of Afghanistan.
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Kingdom of Cappadocia (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Kingdom of Cappadocia, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Kingdom of Cappadocia, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Cappadocia () was a Hellenistic-era Iranian kingdom centered in the historical region of Cappadocia in Asia Minor (present-day central
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Wikipedia: Epirus (ancient state)
Includes: Kingdom of Epirus, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Kingdom of Epirus, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Epirus (; Epirote Greek: , ; Attic Greek: , ) was an ancient Greek kingdom, and later republic, located in the geographical region of Epirus, in
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Wikipedia: Commagene
Includes: Kingdom of Commagene, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Kingdom of Commagene, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
in the early 1st century AD with Commagene as a Roman client state
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Wikipedia: Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
Includes: Kingdom of Armenia, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Kingdom of Armenia, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Kingdom of Greater Armenia or simply Greater Armenia or Armenia Major ( '; ), sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire under Tigranes II, was an Armenian kingdom in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD.
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Vandal Kingdom (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Vandal Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Vandal Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Vandal Kingdom () or Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans () was a confederation of Vandals and Alans, and a barbarian kingdom established under
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Wikipedia: Visigothic Kingdom
WikipediaIncludes: Visigothic Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Visigothic Kingdom, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Visigothic Kingdom, Visigothic Spain or Kingdom of the Goths () was a barbarian kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the
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Wikipedia: Cao Wei
Includes: Cao Wei, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Cao Wei, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Wei (), also known as Cao Wei () or Former Wei, was one of the major dynastic states in China during the Three Kingdoms period. The state was
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Wikipedia: Shu Han
Includes: Shu Han, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Shu Han, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Han (; 221-263 AD), known in historiography as Shu Han ( ) or Ji Han ( "Junior Han"), or often shortened to Shu (; Sichuanese Pinyin: Su < Middle
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Wikipedia: Eastern Wu
Includes: Eastern Wu, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Eastern Wu, lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Wu (Chinese: ; pinyin: Wú; Middle Chinese *ŋuo < Eastern Han Chinese: *ŋuɑ), known in historiography as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, was a dynastic state of
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Wikipedia: Jin dynasty (266-420)
Includes: Jin Dynasty (266-420), lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
Quote, Includes: Jin Dynasty (266-420), lead paragraph and infobox, existence dates
The Jin dynasty or the Jin Empire, officially Jin, sometimes distinguished as the Sima Jin or the Two Jins, was an imperial dynasty in China that existed from 266 to 420 CE.
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Twelve Tables (Wikipedia)
Includes: Twelve Tables, lead paragraph and infobox, date
Quote, Includes: Twelve Tables, lead paragraph and infobox, date
The Twelve Tables () was the legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law. Formally promulgated in 449 BC, the Tables consolidated earlier tr
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Edicts of Ashoka, Wikipedia
Includes: Edicts of Ashoka, lead paragraph and infobox, date
Quote, Includes: Edicts of Ashoka, lead paragraph and infobox, date
The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of more than thirty inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, attributed to Emp
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Edict of Milan (Wikipedia)
Includes: Edict of Milan, lead paragraph and infobox, date
Quote, Includes: Edict of Milan, lead paragraph and infobox, date
The Edict of Milan (; , Diatagma tōn Mediolanōn) was the 13 February 313 AD agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire. Wester
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Cylinders of Nabonidus (Wikipedia)
Includes: Nabonidus Cylinder, lead paragraph and infobox, date
Quote, Includes: Nabonidus Cylinder, lead paragraph and infobox, date
Infobox date: 555-540 BC
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Wikipedia: Periplus of the Euxine Sea
Includes: Periplus of the Euxine Sea, lead paragraph and infobox, date
Quote, Includes: Periplus of the Euxine Sea, lead paragraph and infobox, date
The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (Koine Greek: Περίπλους τοῦ Εὐξείνου Πόντου, ', ) is a periplus or guidebook detailing the destinations visitors would
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Wikipedia: Nabonidus Chronicle
Includes: Nabonidus Chronicle, lead paragraph and infobox, date
Quote, Includes: Nabonidus Chronicle, lead paragraph and infobox, date
The Nabonidus Chronicle is an ancient Babylonian text, part of a larger series of Babylonian Chronicles inscribed in cuneiform script on clay tablets.
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Wikipedia: Lachish Letters
Includes: Lachish Letters, lead paragraph and infobox, date
Quote, Includes: Lachish Letters, lead paragraph and infobox, date
Infobox date: circa 590 BC
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Chronograph of 354 (Wikipedia)
Includes: Chronography of 354, lead paragraph and infobox, date
Quote, Includes: Chronography of 354, lead paragraph and infobox, date
The Chronograph of 354 is a compilation of chronological and calendrical texts produced in 354 AD for a wealthy Roman Christian named Valentinus by th
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Qin's wars of unification, Wikipedia
Includes: Unification of China under Qin Shi Huang, lead paragraph and infobox, dates
Quote, Includes: Unification of China under Qin Shi Huang, lead paragraph and infobox, dates
Qin's wars of unification ( 230 - 221 BC) were a series of military campaigns launched in the late 3rd century BC by the state of Qin against the othe
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Battle of Adrianople, Wikipedia
Includes: Battle of Adrianople, lead paragraph and infobox, dates
Quote, Includes: Battle of Adrianople, lead paragraph and infobox, dates
The Battle of Adrianople, also known as Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between the Eastern Roman army led by the Roman emperor Valens and Gothic
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Wikipedia: Bar Kokhba revolt
Includes: Bar Kokhba Revolt, lead paragraph and infobox, dates
Quote, Includes: Bar Kokhba Revolt, lead paragraph and infobox, dates
The Bar Kokhba Revolt (132-136 AD), also known as the Bar Kokhba War, the War of Betar, and the Third (or Second) Jewish-Roman War, was the last and m
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Wikipedia: Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)
WikipediaIncludes: Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC), lead paragraph, dates
Quote, Includes: Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC), lead paragraph, dates
Jerusalem was besieged from 589-587 BC, marking the final phase of Judah's revolts against Babylon.
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Greco-Persian Wars (Wikipedia)
Includes: Greco-Persian Wars, lead paragraph, dates
Quote, Includes: Greco-Persian Wars, lead paragraph, dates
The Greco-Persian Wars, also called the Persian Wars, were a series of armed conflicts involving various Greek city-states and the Achaemenid Empire from 499 BC to 449 BC.
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Peloponnesian War (Wikipedia)
Includes: Peloponnesian War, lead paragraph, dates
Quote, Includes: Peloponnesian War, lead paragraph, dates
The Peloponnesian War was fought in the Eastern Mediterranean between the Athenian-led Delian League and the Spartan-led Peloponnesian League from 431 to 404 BC for hegemony over Ancient Greece.
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Assassination of Julius Caesar (Wikipedia)
Includes: Assassination of Julius Caesar, lead paragraph, dates
Quote, Includes: Assassination of Julius Caesar, lead paragraph, dates
Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator, was assassinated on the Ides of March (15 March), 44 BC, by a group of senators during a Senate session at the Curia of Pompey, located within the Theatre of Pompey in Rome.
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Kalinga War, Wikipedia
Includes: Kalinga War, lead paragraph, dates
Quote, Includes: Kalinga War, lead paragraph, dates
The Kalinga War (ended ) was fought in ancient India between the Mauryan Empire under Ashoka the Great and Kalinga, an independent feudal kingdom located on the east coast, in the present-day state of Odisha and northern parts of
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Wikipedia: First Jewish-Roman War
Includes: First Jewish-Roman War, lead paragraph, dates
Quote, Includes: First Jewish-Roman War, lead paragraph, dates
The First Jewish-Roman War (66-73/74 CE), also known as the War of Destruction, the Great Jewish Revolt, the First Jewish Revolt, or the Jewish War, was the first of three major Jewish rebellions against the Roman Empire.
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Wikipedia: Hasmonean dynasty
Includes: Hasmonean Kingdom, lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Hasmonean Kingdom, lead paragraph
The Hasmonean dynasty (; Ḥašmōnāʾīm; ) was the Jewish ruling dynasty of Judea during the Hellenistic times of the Second Temple period (part of classical antiquity), from BC to 37 BC.
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Kingdom of Bithynia (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Kingdom of Bithynia, lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Kingdom of Bithynia, lead paragraph
The Kingdom of Bithynia () was a Hellenistic kingdom centred in the historical region of Bithynia, in northwest Anatolia, which seems to have been established in the 4th century BC.
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Wikipedia: Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
WikipediaIncludes: Kingdom of Macedon, lead paragraph
Quote, Includes: Kingdom of Macedon, lead paragraph
Macedonia ( ; , ), also called Macedon ( ), was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, which later became the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.
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Wikipedia: Hellenistic Period
WikipediaIncludes: The Hellenistic Period, Hellenistic period, in relation to Classical Antiquity
Quote, Includes: The Hellenistic Period, Hellenistic period, in relation to Classical Antiquity
the Hellenistic period covers the time in Greek, Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern history following Classical Greece.
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Dissenting Readings (1 dissenting reading)
End Year

Since the mid twentieth century, a body of scholarship on Late Antiquity, most influentially Peter Brown's The World of Late Antiquity (1971), has argued that 476 CE is a political marker retrofitted onto a much longer, more gradual process of transformation rather than a genuine civilizational break. This field treats Late Antiquity as its own extended period, running from roughly the third century through the seventh or eighth, and emphasizes continuity between the late Roman and early medieval worlds over any single deposition. The atlas records 476 as the boundary because it remains the majority convention in general survey works, while recording this substantial minority position as a formal dissent rather than folding it into the main fact.

A dissenting reading, from Late Antiquity historiography (the "transformation of the Roman world" school)The Cambridge Ancient History, Cambridge University Press

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