The Contemporary Period

was an American professional baseball player in the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball (MLB) who was the second black player to break baseball's color barrier and the first black player in the American League.

The conference was held from July 1 to 22, 1944

These changes in agriculture initially emerged in developed countries in the early 20th century and subsequently spread globally until the late 1980s

Declared September 1, 1991

describes the historical period from about 1945 to the present

A Formula of Agreement was adopted by the denominations in 1997.

Alan Greenspan (March 6, 1926 - June 22, 2026) was an American economist who served as the 13th chair of the Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006.

Infobox: born 1920-6-16; died 2004-2-17

Kim Dae-jung (Korean: 김대중; pronounced [kim.dɛ.dʑuŋ]; 8 January 1924 - 18 August 2009) was a South Korean politician, activist, and statesman who served as the eighth president of South Korea from 1998 to 2003.

Chun Doo-hwan (Korean: 전두환; pronounced [tɕʌn duβwan]; 18 January 1931 - 23 November 2021) was a South Korean army general and politician who served as the fifth president of South Korea from 1980 to 1988.

Park Chung Hee (Korean: 박정희, pronounced [pak̚ tɕ͈ʌ̹ŋʝi] ; 14 November 1917 - 26 October 1979) was a South Korean politician and army officer who seized power in the May 16 coup of 1961, and served as the third president of South Korea from 1962 until his assassination in 1979.

Naziha Jawdat Ishg al-Dulaimi (Arabic: نزيهة جودت عشق الدليمي; 1923 - 9 October 2007) was an early pioneer of the Iraqi feminist movement.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18 July 1918 - 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.

Infobox: born 1929-1-15; died 1968-4-4

Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 - February 21, 1965) was an African American revolutionary, civil rights activist, and Muslim minister who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement until his assassination in 1965.

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 - 25 November 2016) was a Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2011.

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 - 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who was the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until the country's dissolution in 1991.

Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 - 19 February 1997) was a Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and political theorist who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1978 to 1989.

Awon'go Idi Amin Dada Oumee (30 May 1928 - 16 August 2003) was a Ugandan military officer and dictator who served as the third president of Uganda from 1971 until his overthrow in 1979.

Francina Elsje "Fanny" Blankers-Koen (pronounced [frɑnˈsinaː ˈʔɛlɕə ˈfɑni ˈblɑŋkərs ˈkun] ; née Koen, 26 April 1918 - 25 January 2004) was a Dutch track and field athlete, best known for winning four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens (September 12, 1913 - March 31, 1980) was an American track and field athlete.

"Wilma Rudolph (1940-1994) and the TSU Tigerbelles".

Infobox: born 1924-09-12; died 1973-01-20

Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (née Nehru; 19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984) was an Indian stateswoman who twice served as the Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984.

Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (née Roberts; 13 October 1925 - 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Swahili: [ˈdʒulius kɑᵐbɑˈɾɑɠɛ ɲɛˈɾɛɾɛ]; 13 April 1922 - 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian politician, anti-colonial activist, revolutionary and political theorist.

Jack Roosevelt Robinson (January 31, 1919 - October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball player who was the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era.

Shambel Abebe Bikila (Amharic: ሻምበል አበበ ቢቂላ; August 7, 1932 - October 25, 1973) was an Ethiopian marathon runner who was a back-to-back Olympic marathon champion.

Infobox: born 1943-11-22; died

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 - 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022.

Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and 14 other Commonwealth realms.

Infobox: born 1921-2-22; died 1996-11-3

The Empire of Japan (Japanese: 大日本帝國/大日本帝国, Hepburn: Dai Nippon Teikoku/Dai Nihon Teikoku), also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was the period of Japanese history spanning 79 years, starting with the Meiji Restoration on 3 January 1868, and ending with ratification of the Constitution of Japan on 3 May 1947.

The Ethiopian Empire, historically known as Abyssinia or simply Ethiopia, was a country that encompassed the present-day territories of Ethiopia and Eritrea.

The Kingdom of Mysore was a geopolitical realm in southern India founded in around 1399 in the vicinity of the modern-day city of Mysuru.

The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia.

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the far south of South America.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Western and Central Europe.

Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa.

Bosnia and Herzegovina, often referred to as Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe.

Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo, and formerly named Zaire, is a country in Central Africa.

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

France, officially the French Republic, is a country primarily located in Western Europe.

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country in Eastern Europe and North Asia.

Japan is an island country in East Asia.

Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country comprising the western and northernmost parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe, the remote Arctic island Jan Mayen and the archipelago Svalbard.

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and historically known as Persia, is a country in West Asia.

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America.

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country in Southeast Asia.

, also informally known as Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country in Southwestern Europe.

Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa.

Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe.

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.

Canada is a country in North America.

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located at the intersection of Central, Western, and Southern Europe.

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.

Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans.

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea.

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country located in South America, with insular regions in North America.

New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa, pronounced [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa] ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It comprises two main landmasses-the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)-and over 700 smaller islands.

Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country located in the central region of South America.

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia that occupies the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and various islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, historically known in the west as Mesopotamia, is a country in West Asia.

Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia.

Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula.

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate in Western Europe.

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia.

Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country of mainland West Africa, situated along the Atlantic Ocean coast.

Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia.

Albania, officially the Republic of Albania, is a country in Southeastern Europe.

Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country located in the central Mediterranean Sea.

Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa.

The United Arab Emirates (UAE), also known simply as the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, situated at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula.

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of Mainland Southeast Asia.

Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in southeastern South America.

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south.

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia.

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country situated primarily in Central Asia, with a portion of its territory extending into Eastern Europe.

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.

Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region on the east coast of the Black Sea.

Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia.

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand, and formerly known as Siam, is a country located in Mainland Southeast Asia.

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country located mostly on the Balkan peninsula of Southeastern Europe, with thousands of islands extending geographically to Asia Minor.

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, located off the coast of the Levant mainland in West Asia.

Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia.

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.

Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west.

Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia.

Montenegro is a country in Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula.

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.

Denmark is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

Lebanon, officially the Lebanese Republic, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.

Romania is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe.

Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia.

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the Southern Cone of southwestern South America.

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeastern Europe.

Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a landlocked country at the boundary of Western Asia and Eastern Europe.

Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.

Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe.

Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe.

The Dominican Republic is an island country on the eastern part of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean Sea in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa.

Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe.

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.

Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country in the southeastern Arabian Peninsula in West Asia.

Liechtenstein ( , LIK-tən-stine; German pronunciation: [ˈlɪçtn̩ʃtaɪn] ; Alemannic German: Liachtaschta), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein [ˈfʏʁstn̩tuːm ˈlɪçtn̩ʃtaɪn] ), is a doubly landlocked country in the Central European Alps. A microstate, it is located between Austria to the east and north-east and Switzerland to the north-west, west and south.

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian highlands of West Asia.

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe.

Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country in the Caribbean on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas.

Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, located about 1,100 nautical miles (2,000 km; 1,300 mi) off the southeastern coast of Africa, east of Madagascar.

Iceland is a Nordic island country between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between Europe and North America.

Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, formerly known as Kirghizia, is a landlocked country located in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges.

Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern coast of South America.

Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa and the only Spanish-speaking country in Africa.

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country in the Caribbean.

North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Europe.

The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, and historically known as the Maldive Islands, is an archipelagic country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean, near the southeastern boundary of the Arabian Sea.

Seychelles ( , ; French: [sɛʃɛl] or [seʃɛl]), officially the Republic of Seychelles (French: République des Seychelles; Seychellois Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an archipelagic country consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean.

Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo River, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the north, and Mozambique to the east.

Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia.

Nauru, officially the Republic of Naoero, is an island country and microstate in the South Pacific Ocean.

Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia.

Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in the eastern part of Arabian Peninsula in West Asia.

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region.

Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa.

Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country in the Indian Ocean that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands.

Ireland (Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a country in Northwestern Europe. It consists of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland, with a population of about 5.4 million.

Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname, is a country on the northern coast of South America, also considered part of the Caribbean region.

Bhutan, officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked country in South Asia, located in the Eastern Himalayas, bordering China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the north and northwest and India to the south and southeast.

Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees in southwestern Europe, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south.

Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of northern Europe.

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country located at the southern end of Central America in North America, bordering South America.

Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast.

Brazzaville (French pronunciation: [bʁazavil]) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo. Administratively, it is a department and a commune.

Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Mainland Southeast Asia.

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a sovereign nation in Central America.

Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo.

Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

Papua New Guinea (PNG), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the

Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa.

Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa.

Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa.

Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.

Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in the Maghreb region of West Africa.

Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa.

Kiribati, officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an archipelagic country spanning the Micronesia and Polynesia sub-regions of Oceania in the central Pacific Ocean.

Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa.

Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an archipelagic country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean.

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is a country in Central America, comprising 130,370 square kilometers (50,340 sq mi). With a population of 7,097,329 as of 2026, it is the third-most populous country in Central America after Guatemala and Honduras, and the largest by area in all of Central America.

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa.

Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America.

Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of 33,843 km2 (13,067 sq mi) and a population of 2.38 million.

San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino, is a landlocked country in Southern Europe, completely surrounded by Italy.

Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to the north, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.

Eswatini, formally the Kingdom of Eswatini (historically called KaNgwane), also known by its former official names Swaziland and the Kingdom of Swaziland, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa.

Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean, covering 10,991 square kilometres (4,244 sq mi). It is the third-largest island in the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean, after Cuba and the island of Hispaniola.

Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in East Africa.

Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is a country in Mainland Southeast Asia, and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia.

Belize is a country on the north-eastern coast of Central America.

Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the western coast of Southern Africa.

Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America.

The Central African Republic (CAR) is a landlocked country in Central Africa.

Barbados is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.

Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country located in Central Asia.

Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu (French: République de Vanuatu; Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an archipelagic country in Melanesia located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is 1,750 km (1,090 mi) east of northern Australia, 540 km (340 mi) northeast of New Caledonia, east of New Guinea, southeast of Solomon Islands, and west of Fiji.

Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in northern Central America.

Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost archipelagic country in the Caribbean, comprising the main islands of Trinidad and Tobago, along with several smaller islets.

South Sudan (), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered by Sudan to the north, Ethiopia to the

Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north,

Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa.

Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered to the north by the Democratic Republic of

Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa.

Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa.

Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the west coast of West Africa.

The Gambia, officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa.

Benin, officially the Republic of Benin, formerly known as Dahomey, is a country in West Africa.

Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, is a country in West Africa that covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) with an estimated population of 2,080,000. It borders Senegal to its north and Guinea to its southeast.

Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country located in West Africa.

Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America.

Lesotho ( lih-SOO-too; Sotho pronunciation: [lɪˈsʊːtʰʊ]), officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Surrounded by South Africa, it is the largest of the three sovereign enclaves.

Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country located in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific Ocean.

Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea, is a coastal country located in West Africa.

Burundi, officially the Republic of Burundi, is a landlocked country in East Africa.

Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east.

Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa, is an island country in Polynesia, a part of Oceania, which is in the South Pacific Ocean.

Tuvalu ( too-VAH-loo) is an archipelagic country in the Polynesian sub-region of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia.

Grenada is an archipelagic country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea.

Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeast Africa.

Dominica officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean.

Gabon, officially the Gabonese Republic, is a country on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, lying on the equator.

Saint Kitts and Nevis (SKN), officially the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, is an island country located in the Caribbean consisting of the two islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, in the Leeward Islands chain of the Lesser Antilles.

The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeast Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean.

Tonga, officially known as the Kingdom of Tonga, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania.

The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands, is an archipelagic country in Oceania.

Saint Lucia (also written as St.

Solomon Islands, also known simply as the Solomons, is an archipelagic country consisting of six major islands and over 1,000 smaller islands in Melanesia, Oceania, to the north-east of Australia.

Antigua and Barbuda is an archipelagic country in the Caribbean composed of Antigua, Barbuda, and dozens of other small islands.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, sometimes known simply as Saint Vincent, is an archipelagic country in the eastern Caribbean.

The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), or simply Micronesia ( ), is an island country in Micronesia, a region of Oceania. The federation encompasses the majority of the Caroline Islands (excluding Palau) and consists of four states-from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae-that span the western Pacific just north of the equator for a longitudinal distance of almost 2,700 km (1,700 mi).

Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a Southern Levant country in West Asia comprising the Israeli-occupied West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and Gaza Strip, collectively known as the occupied Palestinian territories.

Timor-Leste, also known as East Timor, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia.

The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an archipelagic country in the Caribbean located within the Lucayan Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean.

Cape Verde, also referred to in English by its Portuguese name Cabo Verde, and known officially as the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an archipelagic country in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of West Africa.

São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe, is an island country in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa.

The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976. In conjunction with the Portuguese Empire, it ushered in the European Age of Discovery.

Buganda is a Bantu kingdom within Uganda.

The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946. The Catholic kingdom emerged as a

The Kingdom of Rwanda (also known as the Nyiginya Kingdom or Nyginya Dynasty) was a Bantu kingdom in modern-day Rwanda which grew to be ruled by a Tutsi monarchy.

The Kingdom of Burundi (French: Royaume du Burundi), also known as Kingdom of Urundi (Kirundi: Ubwami bw'Urundi), was a Bantu kingdom in the modern-day Republic of Burundi. The Ganwa monarchs (with the title of mwami) ruled over both Hutus and Tutsis.

Ankole (Nkore before the colonial era) was a traditional Bantu kingdom in Uganda and lasted from the 15th century until 1967. The kingdom was located in south-western Uganda, east of Lake Edward.

The Sultanate of Zanzibar (Swahili: Usultani wa Zanzibar, Arabic: سلطنة زنجبار, romanized: Sulṭanat Zanjībār), also known as the Zanzibar Sultanate, was an East African Muslim state controlled by the Sultan of Zanzibar, in existence between 1856 and 1964.

The Sultanate of the Maldive Islands was an Islamic monarchy that controlled the Maldives for over eight centuries (1153-1968), with one interruption from 1953-1954.

The Portuguese Empire was the first and longest lasting of the European colonial empires.

The Kingdom of Belgium controlled several territories and concessions during the colonial era, principally the Belgian Congo (modern DR Congo) from

Danish overseas colonies and Dano-Norwegian colonies (Danish: De danske kolonier) were the colonies that Denmark-Norway (Denmark after 1814) possessed from 1537 until 1953.

The French colonial empire (French: Empire colonial français) consisted of the overseas colonies, protectorates, and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward.

The Dutch colonial empire () comprised overseas territories and trading posts under some form of Dutch control from the early 17th to late 20th

at its peak in 1942. Japan and its allies Thailand (in dark red) and Azad Hind occupied territories and client states in lighter red.

The Realm of New Zealand is the area over which the monarch of New Zealand is head of state.

The Agreement was approved by voters across the island of Ireland in two referendums held on 22 May 1998.

The Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 (Earth Day) at a ceremony inside the UN headquarters in New York City.

In the first Danish referendum, on 2 June 1992, the treaty was rejected by a margin of 50.7% to 49.3%.

The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005.

Pursuant to this goal, the UN Charter was discussed, prepared, and drafted during the San Francisco Conference that began 25 April 1945, which involved most of the world's sovereign nations.

Infobox date: Start date and age-df=yes-1978-9-17sfn-Quandt-1988-p=2

The treaty was signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany, and it came into force on 1 January 1958.

The following leaders signed the agreement as plenipotentiaries of their countries in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949: Belgium - Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Paul-Henri Spaak and Ambassador Baron Robert Silvercruys Canada - Secretary of State for External Affairs Lester B.

Bhutto, in Simla on 2 July 1972.

and Winston Churchill at "Little White House", Potsdam, Germany in July 1945

The Yalta Conference (Russian: Ялтинская конференция, romanized: Yaltinskaya konferentsiya), held 4-11 February 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Germany and Europe.

It was signed at 22:43 CET on 8 May 1945 and took effect at 23:01 CET on the same day.

On 19 July 1953, the delegates reached agreement covering all issues on the agenda.

It was signed by 49 nations on September 8, 1951, in San Francisco, United States, at the War Memorial Opera House.

Infobox date: 14 June 1985; (Age in years, months and days- year=1985 - month=06 - d

"The Sources of Soviet Conduct", commonly "X Article", is an article written by George F. Kennan and published under the pseudonym "X" in the July 1947 issue of Foreign Affairs magazine.

The treaty was adopted by the original signatories on 2 September 1947 in Rio de Janeiro (hence the colloquial name "Rio Treaty").

Opened for signature in 1968, the treaty entered into force in 1970.

The draft was approved on 12 February 1967.

Drafted by a United Nations (UN) committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, it was accepted by the General Assembly as Resolution 217 during its third session on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.

It was adopted at a diplomatic conference in Rome, Italy on 17 July 1998 and entered into force on 1 July 2002.

The Truman Doctrine is a U.S. foreign policy that pledges American support for U.S.-aligned nations against alleged authoritarian threats. The doctrin

Negotiated and drafted under the auspices of the United Nations, it was opened for signature in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union on 27 January 1967, entering into force on 10 October 1967.

On 23 May 1949, in a solemn session of the Parliamentary Council, the German Basic Law was signed and promulgated.

The Helsinki Final Act, also known as Helsinki Accords or Helsinki Declaration, was the document signed at the closing meeting of the third phase of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland, between 30 July and 1 August 1975, following two years of negotiations known as the Helsinki Process.

The Potsdam Agreement (German: Potsdamer Abkommen) was the agreement among three of the Allies of World War II: the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union after the end of World War II in Europe that was signed on 1 August 1945 and published the following day.

The Port Huron Statement is a 1962 political manifesto of the American student activist movement Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). It was writt

The main treaty was opened for signature on 1 December 1959, and officially entered into force on 23 June 1961.

Between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946, the International Military Tribunal (IMT) tried 22 of the most important surviving leaders of Nazi Germany in the political, military, and economic spheres, as well as six German organizations.

Infobox date: start date and age-1945-9-2

The Freedom Charter was a statement of core principles of the South African Congress Alliance, which consisted of the African National Congress (ANC)

The Arusha Declaration (Swahili: Azimio la Arusha) and TANU's Policy on Socialism and Self Reliance (1967), referred to as the Arusha Declaration, is known as Tanzania's most prominent political statement of African Socialism, 'Ujamaa', or brotherhood (Kaitilla, 2007).

On 17 November 2022, the UN and Ukraine announced that the agreement had been extended for a further 120 days. In March 2023, Turkey and the UN announced that they had secured a second extension for at least another 60 days.

Infobox date: 14 October 2022

The New Japan-Republic of Korea Partnership towards the Twenty-first Century (Japanese: 日韓共同宣言, 21世紀に向けた新たな日韓パートナーシップ, ) was a declaration made on Oc

The agreement was signed on 27 January 1958 in Washington, D.C., negotiated between William S.B.

The Banana Framework Agreement (BFA) outlines regulations on the treatment, sharing, and production of bananas and other various banana related activi

The Charter of the Rights of the Family ("The Charter", La carta in Italian) was "Presented by the Holy See to all persons, institutions and authoriti

Uniatism, method of union of the past, and the present search for full communion (), also known as the Balamand declaration and the Balamand document,

A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers was a historic first advertisement in a campaign run by major American tobacco companies on January 4, 1954, to

The Johnson-McConnell agreement of 1966 was an agreement between United States Army Chief of Staff General Harold K. Johnson and United States Air For

Mar Mikhael Agreement (or Mar Mikhael Understanding or memorandum of understanding between the FPM and Hezbollah, Arabic: تفاهم مار مخايل) is a memorandum of understanding signed on 6 February 2006 between the Christian Michel Aoun, the leader of the Free Patriotic Movement, and the Shiite Hassan Nasrallah of Hezbollah, in the Mar Mikhael Church in Haret Hreik, in Dahieh, Lebanon.

The Nazareno Pact () was a political agreement signed between the Democratic Party (PD) secretary Matteo Renzi (who became Prime Minister of Italy on

The Linas-Marcoussis Agreement or Kléber Agreement aimed to end the First Ivorian Civil War that broke out in September 2002. The agreement was negoti

Orientations for the Chinese Clergy is a June 28, 2019 document of the Holy See, published in full on the Feast of the Sacred Heart on the Vatican's o

The Ghana-United States Status of Forces Agreement was a proposal made by the United States Department of Defense to the government of Ghana in 2018.

The Palestinian-Jordanian Joint Action Agreement was an agreement signed between the Palestine Liberation Organisation and the Jordanian government in

The Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA) is an American multi-party legal agreement determining river usage and water rights involving the Klama

Sponsa Christi ("Spouse of Christ") is an Apostolic Constitution issued by Pope Pius XII on the Feast of the Presentation, November 21, 1950. It addre

Aperuit illis is an apostolic letter, by Pope Francis, issued "motu proprio" on September 30, 2019, the feast of Saint Jerome, instituting the annual

Communio et progressio is a pastoral instruction of the Roman Catholic Church, issued by the Pontifical Council for Social Communications on 23 May 1

Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal is a July 1, 2019, document of the Apostolic Penitentiary,

The Letoon trilingual, or Xanthos trilingual, is an inscription in three languages: standard Lycian or Lycian A, Greek, and Aramaic covering the faces

On 14 July 2015, all parties agreed.

Infobox date: 1 January 2024

The Gwangju Uprising, also known in South Korea as the May 18 Democratization Movement (Korean: 5·18 민주화 운동), was a series of student-led demonstrations that took place in Gwangju, South Korea, in May 1980, against the coup d'état of May Seventeenth by Chun Doo-hwan that strengthened his power.

The partition of India in 1947 was the division of British India into two independent dominion states, the Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. Th

The Great Chinese Famine (Chinese: 三年大饥荒; lit. 'three years of great famine') was a famine that occurred between 1959 and 1961 in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Some scholars have also included the years 1958 or 1962.

The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China

The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against Tutsi, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of aro

The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic Revolution, culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the re

The Cambodian genocide was the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens by the Khmer Rouge under the general secretaryship of Pol Pot.

The Mau Mau rebellion (1952-1960), also known as the Mau Mau uprising or Kenya Emergency, was an armed conflict in the British Colony of Kenya between

On 26 April 1986, reactor 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, located near Pripyat in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union, exploded. The acciden

The Korean War (25 June 1950 - 27 July 1953) was an armed conflict fought on the Korean Peninsula between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) and their allies.

The Vietnam War (, 30 April 1975) was an armed conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia fought between North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)

The Soweto uprising, also known as the Soweto riots or the Soweto rebellion, was a series of demonstrations and protests led by black school children

The 1959 Tibetan uprising or Lhasa uprising began on 10 March 1959 as a series of protests in the Tibetan capital of Lhasa, fueled by fears that the g

The February 28 incident (also called the February 28 massacre, the 228 incident, or the 228 massacre) was an anti-government uprising in Taiwan in 19

The 2011 Bahraini uprising was a series of anti-government protests in Bahrain led by the Shia-dominant and some Sunni minority Bahraini opposition fr

The Prague uprising (Czech: Pražské povstání) was a partially successful attempt by the Czech resistance movement to liberate the city of Prague from German occupation in May 1945, during the end of World War II.

The Yemeni revolution, also known as the Yemeni intifada, was a series of major anti-government protests and armed uprisings that raged through Yemen

The 2008 Tibetan unrest, also referred to as the 2008 Tibetan uprising in Tibetan media, was a series of protests and demonstrations that initially oc

The 1999 war in Dagestan, also known as the Dagestan incursions (Russian: Война в Дагестане), was an armed conflict that began when the Ichkerian-based Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade (IIPB), an Islamist group led by Shamil Basayev, Ibn al-Khattab, Ramzan Akhmadov and Arbi Barayev, invaded the neighboring Russian republic of Dagestan on 7 August 1999.

established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations on 26 June 1945.