Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma

Marie Louise was an Austrian archduchess, the eldest daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, who became Napoleon Bonaparte's second wife and served as Empress of the French from 1810 to 1814. She bore Napoleon a son who was initially styled King of Rome and later became known as Napoleon II. After Napoleon's abdication in 1814, the Treaty of Fontainebleau granted her the Duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, which she ruled as sovereign duchess until her death in 1847. Following Napoleon's death in 1821, she married twice more, first to Count Adam Albert von Neipperg in 1821 and then to Charles-René de Bombelles in 1834, both morganatic marriages. She died in Parma on December 17, 1847, of pleurisy. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/