Holy Roman Emperors and German-Speaking Rulers

Holy Roman Emperors from Charlemagne's coronation in 800 through the Ottonian, Salian, Hohenstaufen and Habsburg lines to the empire's dissolution in 1806, together with the rulers of the German speaking successor and constituent states: Austria, Prussia, Bohemia and Hungary within the Habsburg crown lands. The group spans nearly the whole of medieval and early modern central European history, including emperors who also held the separate title of King of Italy or King of the Romans before their own imperial coronation, and continues through the Austrian and German imperial titles of the nineteenth century, Kaiser Wilhelm I and Wilhelm II among them. A ruler is placed here by an imperial, Austrian, Prussian, Bohemian or Hungarian crown or regency, distinguishing this central European group from the separate Italian and Papal group below even where an emperor's own title also named Italy.