The Crimean Khanate, which described itself as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak and was known in older European historiography and geography as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state established by Hacı I Giray that existed from 1441 to 1783. Like the neighboring khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan and Sibir, it emerged from the breakup of the Golden Horde's Mongol rule over the Pontic steppe. The khanate endured for more than three centuries before its territory was annexed by the Russian Empire in the eighteenth century.
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