The Kara Koyunlu, also known as the Qara Qoyunlu or the Black Sheep Turkomans, was a Turkoman, culturally Persianate, Muslim dynasty that ruled territory comprising present-day Azerbaijan, Armenia, northwestern Iran, eastern Turkey and northeastern Iraq from about 1374 to 1468. Like the rival Aq Qoyunlu confederation to its west, it was organized around a Turkoman tribal military elite governing within a Persianate court culture, and the two confederations contested control of the same eastern Anatolian and Iranian borderlands through much of the fifteenth century.
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