The Kingdom of Naples was a state that ruled the part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816, emerging from the War of the Sicilian Vespers, which separated the mainland territories from the island of Sicily. Its official designation was the Kingdom of Sicily citra Pharum, meaning on this side of the lighthouse, referencing its position relative to the Strait of Messina, though it became commonly known as Naples after its capital city rather than by its official name. Among the states of the Italian Peninsula it was one of the largest and most influential, its territory covering what are now the modern Italian regions of Campania, Calabria, Apulia, Basilicata, Abruzzo, Molise and parts of southern and eastern Lazio.
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