The Kingdom of the Lombards was an early medieval state established by the Lombards, a Germanic people, on the Italian Peninsula beginning in 568, enduring until 774, when Frankish forces under Charlemagne conquered it. Its capital was initially at Cividale del Friuli before moving to Pavia in 572, where it remained for the rest of the kingdom's existence. The kingdom broke the political unity of the Italian Peninsula for the first time since the Roman conquest, dividing the peninsula between Lombard and Byzantine rule, and at the time of its collapse it was described as the last minor Germanic kingdom in Europe, its legal traditions influencing Italian jurisprudence for centuries afterward.
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