Shu Han

Shu Han, known simply as Han to its own rulers and also called Ji Han by some historians, was one of the three states contending for supremacy during China's Three Kingdoms period, lasting from 221 to 263. It was founded by Liu Bei, who took the name Han for his state because he considered it the legitimate continuation of the fallen Han dynasty, and it controlled territory in what is now Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hanzhong and northern Guangxi, a region historically known as Shu. The rival state Cao Wei first used the name Shu to deny Liu Bei's state its claim to be the true Han, and the historian Chen Shou later adopted it as a standard way to distinguish this Han from other states of that name in Chinese history. Shu Han ended in 263 when Wei generals Deng Ai and Zhong Hui conquered its capital, Chengdu, and its last ruler, Liu Shan, surrendered and was afterward given the title Duke of Anle, living out his life peacefully in Luoyang.