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Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor

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Henry III, called Heinrich the Pious, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1046 until his death in 1056, the eldest son of Conrad II and Gisela of Swabia. Made Duke of Bavaria in 1026 and co-ruler in 1028, he succeeded his father as Duke of Carinthia and King of Italy, and in 1046 ended a papal schism and was crowned emperor by Pope Clement II, freeing the papacy from dependence on the Roman nobility. He enforced tighter royal control over the German duchies, prevailing after years of conflict in Lorraine and further resistance in southern Germany between 1052 and 1055; he died in 1056 at 39, with modern historians dating the beginning of a Salian monarchy crisis to his reign's final years.

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