Henry VI of England

Henry VI was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and claimant to the French throne from 1422 to 1453. He became king of England at nine months old on the death of his father Henry V, and inherited the French claim on the death of his maternal grandfather Charles VI of France; he was the only English monarch ever crowned King of France, at Notre-Dame de Paris in 1431. His reign was marked by weak royal authority, factional conflict among the nobility, and a prolonged period of mental incapacity beginning in 1453, contributing to the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses in 1455. He was deposed in 1461 by Edward IV, restored briefly in 1470 by Richard Neville, known as Warwick the Kingmaker, then captured again and imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he died in 1471, possibly killed on Edward's orders. He founded Eton College, King's College, Cambridge, and All Souls College, Oxford, and was later the subject of a trilogy of Shakespeare plays.