The Late Modern Period

Infobox: born 1856-12-28; died 1924-2-3

Infobox: born 1841-9-28; died 1929-11-24

Infobox: born 1863-1-17; died 1945-3-26

Infobox: born 1859-01-27; died 1941-06-04

Infobox: born 1861-6-19; died 1928-1-29

Infobox: born 1874-11-30; died 1965-1-24

Infobox: born 1882-1-30; died 1945-4-12

Infobox: born New Style to Old Style (Russian)|18 December 1878; died 1953-3-5

Infobox: born 1814-1-1; died 1864-6-1

Infobox: born c. 1881; died 1938-11-10

Infobox: born 1894-7-25; died 1918-4-28

Infobox: born 11 September 1861; died 8 April 1922 (aged 60)

Infobox: born 24 April 1856; died 1951-07-23

Infobox: born 1785-8-30; died 1850-11-22

Infobox: born 1811-11-26; died 1872-3-12

Infobox: born 1823-2-15; died 1901-11-7

Infobox: born 1804-06-03; died 1865-04-02

Infobox: born 16; died 27

Infobox: born 1890-11-22; died 1970-11-9

Infobox: born 1815-4-1; died 1898-7-30

Infobox: born OldStyleDateNY|18 May|6 May 1868; died 1918-7-17

Infobox: born 1883-6-5; died 1946-4-21

Infobox: born 1797-03-22; died 1888-03-09

Infobox: born 1809-2-12; died 1865-4-15

Infobox: born 1783-7-24; died 1830-12-17

Infobox: born 1769-5-1; died 1852-9-14

Infobox: born 1866-11-12; died 1925-3-12

Infobox: born c. July 1787; died 24 September 1828 (age 41)

Infobox: born 1844-8-17; died 1913-12-12

Infobox: born c.|1830; died 1900-06-02

Infobox: born 1840; died 1921-10-17

Infobox: born c. 1845; died 1906-12-10

Infobox: born 1807-07-04; died 1882-06-02

Infobox: born 1852-11-3; died 1912-7-29

Infobox: born c. 1831-1837; died 1890-12-15

Infobox: born 1878-6-5; died 1923-7-20

Infobox: born 1879-08-08; died 1919-4-10

Infobox: born June 16, 1829; died 1909-2-17

Infobox: born 1845-3-10; died 1894-11-1

Infobox: born 1800-10-26; died 1891-4-24

Infobox: born 1859-12-29; died 1920-5-21

Infobox: born 1880-2-19; died 1928-7-17

Infobox: born c. 1840; died 1877-9-5

Infobox: born 1839-12-5; died 1876-6-25

Infobox: born 1778-2-25; died 1850-8-17

Infobox: born ; died 1827-3-26

Infobox: born 1835-11-29; died 1908-11-15

Infobox: born 1798-10-12; died 1834-9-24

Infobox: born circa March 9, 1768; died 1813-10-5

Infobox: born 1806-3-21; died 1872-7-18

Infobox: born 1853; died 1927 (aged 73-74)

Infobox: born 1784-11-24; died 1817-10-15

Infobox: born 1885; died 1961

Infobox: born 1883-9-9; died 1957-9-27

Infobox: born 1828-5-8; died 1910-10-30

Infobox: born 1800-10-02; died 1831-11-11

Infobox: born c. 1832; died June 14, 1905 (aged 68)

Infobox: born 1869-10-2; died 1948-1-30

Infobox: born Gregorian to Julian|22 April 1870; died 1924-1-21

Infobox: born 1893-12-26; died 1976-9-9

Infobox: born 1889-11-14; died 1964-05-27

Infobox: born 1918-1-15; died 1970-09-28

Infobox: born 1890-5-19; died 1969-09-02

Infobox: born 1909-9-21; died 1972-4-27

Infobox: born 1892-7-23; died 1975-8-27

Infobox: born c. 1818; died 1868-04-15

Infobox: born 1837-7-11; died 1889-3-10

Infobox: born c. 1793; died 27 July 1828 (age 35)

Infobox: born 1861-11-06; died 1939-11-28

Infobox: born 1863-01-01; died 1937-09-02

Infobox: born 1859-4-7; died 1925-3-14

Infobox: born 1848-7-18; died 1915-10-23

Infobox: born 1835-1-10; died 1895-10-3

Infobox: born 1835-11-25; died 1919-8-11

Infobox: born 1837-4-17; died 1913-3-31

Infobox: born 1863-07-30; died 1947-04-07

Infobox: born May 27, 1794; died 1877-1-4

Infobox: born 1826; died 8 February 1884 (aged 58)

Infobox: born circa 1770; died Death year and age|1843|1770|08

Infobox: born 1749-8-28; died 1832-3-22

Infobox: born Gregorian to Julian|9 September 1828; died Gregorian to Julian|20 November 1910 (aged 82)

Infobox: born c. 1760s; died 27 November 1849

Infobox: born 1882-1-12; died 1963-02-06

Infobox: born 1827-30, or 1835; died 1858-6-18

Infobox: born 1872-9-10; died 1933-4-2

Infobox: born 1865-10-28; died 1930-12-13

Infobox: born 1839-3-3; died 1904-5-19

Infobox: born 1894-11-27; died 1989-04-27

Infobox: born c. 22 May 1772; died 1833-09-27

Infobox: born June 19, 1861; died 1896-12-30

Infobox: born 1872-07-16; died

Infobox: born May 1788; died December 20, 1812 (aged 24)

Infobox: born 1906-1-20; died 1975-3-15

Infobox: born 1835-01-09; died 1885-02-07

Infobox: born 1861-05-07; died 1941-08-07

Infobox: born c. 1840; died 1898-04-27

Infobox: born 1896-12-01; died 1974-06-18

Infobox: born 1891-11-15; died 1944-10-14

Infobox: born 1807-1-19; died 1870-10-12

Infobox: born 1822-4-27; died 1885-7-23

Infobox: born 15; died 11

Infobox: born 1898-03-05; died 1976-01-08

Infobox: born 1898-5-3; died 1978-12-8

Infobox: born 1886-10-16; died 1973-12-1

Infobox: born 1876-1-5; died 1967-4-19

Infobox: born 1845-8-25; died 1886-6-13

Eusebi Güell Bacigalupi, 1st Count of Güell (; 15 December 1846-8 July 1918), also referred as Eusebio Güell, was a Spanish entrepreneur who profited greatly from the industrial revolution in Catalonia in the late 19th century.

Infobox: born 1813-3-19; died 1873-5-1

Infobox: born 1874-02-15; died 1922-01-05

Infobox: born 1861-10-10; died 1930-5-13

Infobox: born 1786-8-25; died 1868-2-29

Infobox: born 1863-4-29; died 1951-8-14

Infobox: born 1849-12-19; died 1919-12-02

Infobox: born 1862-11-14; died 1914-3-6

Infobox: born circa February 14, 1818; died 1895-2-20

Infobox: born c. 1797; died 1883-11-26

Infobox: born 1759-08-24; died 1833-07-29

Infobox: born 1891-4-14; died 1956-12-6

Infobox: born 1862-7-16; died 1931-3-25

Infobox: born 1805-12-10; died 1879-05-24

Infobox: born May 1884; died 19 May 1957 (aged 73)

Infobox: born 1911-6-26; died 1956-9-27

Infobox: born Birth year|1830; died 1905-10-29

Infobox: born c. 1822; died 1909-12-10

Infobox: born 1821-11-11; died 1881-02-09

Infobox: born 1802-2-26; died 1885-5-22

Infobox: born February 15, 1809; died 1884-5-13

Infobox: born 1829-2-26; died 1902-9-26

Infobox: born 1854-07-12; died 1932-03-14

Infobox: born 1768-2-12; died 1835-3-2

Infobox: born 8 September 1779; died 1808-11-16

Infobox: born 20 July 1785; died 1839-7-1

Infobox: born 25 April 1823; died 1861-6-25

Infobox: born 8 February 1830; died 1876-6-4

Infobox: born 1840-9-21; died 1904-8-29

Infobox: born 1842-9-21; died 1918-2-10

Infobox: born 1844-11-02; died 1918-07-03

Infobox: born 1861-1-14; died 1926-5-16

Infobox: born 1819-05-24; died 1901-01-22

Infobox: born 1895-12-14; died 1952-02-06

Infobox: born 1865-6-3; died 1936-1-20

Infobox: born 1894-6-23; died 1972-5-28

Infobox: born 1841-11-9; died 1910-5-6

Infobox: born 1762-8-12; died 1830-6-26

Infobox: born 1765-8-21; died 1837-6-20

Infobox: born 1871-8-14; died 1908-11-14

Infobox: born 1906-02-07; died 1967-10-17

Infobox: born 1829; died 13 July death year and age|1883|1829

Infobox: born 1861-11-22; died 1917-5-23

Infobox: born 1844-12-1; died 1925-11-20

Infobox: born 1791-12-12; died 1847-12-17

Infobox: born 22 January 1797; died 1826-12-11

The Kingdom of Prussia (, ) was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918. It played a significant role in the unification of Germany in 1871 and

Great Britain, officially Great Britain, was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 to the end of 1800. The state was created by the 1706

The , also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was the period of Japanese history spanning 79 years, starting with the Meiji Restoration

The Zulu Kingdom ( ; ), sometimes referred to as the Zulu Empire, was a monarchy in Southern Africa. During the 1810s, Shaka established a standing

The Samorian state, also referred to as the Wassoulou empire, Ouassalou empire, Mandinka empire or Samory's empire, was a short-lived West African state that existed from roughly 1878 until 1898, although dates vary from source to source.

The Asante Empire (), also known as the Ashanti Empire, was an Akan state that lasted from 1701 to 1902, in what is now modern-day Ghana. It expanded

The Kingdom of Dahomey (; ) was a West African kingdom located within the present-day Republic of Benin that existed from approximately 1600 until

Wallachia is a geographical region of modern-day Romania, as well as one of the two historical Romanian principalities that laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern Romanian state.

Jhansi was an independent princely state ruled by the Maratha Newalkar dynasty under suzerainty of British India from 1804 till 1853, when the British authorities took over the state under the terms of the Doctrine of Lapse, and renamed it the Jhansi State.

The Republic of Venice, officially the Most Serene Republic of Venice and traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a maritime republic with its capital in Venice, on the northeastern coast of Italy.

In the history of France, the French Republic (), retroactively referred to as the First Republic () and sometimes referred to in historiography as

The Hawaiian Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian: ), was an archipelagic country from 1795 to 1893, which eventually encompassed all of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands.

The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies () was a kingdom in Southern Italy from 1816 to 1861 under the control of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, a cadet

The Republic of Genoa was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast.

The Old Swiss Confederacy, also known as Switzerland or the Swiss Confederacy, was a loose confederation of independent small states (German: or , French: ), initially within the Holy Roman Empire.

The Kingdom of Benin or Empire of Benin, also known as Great Benin, is a traditional kingdom in southern Nigeria.

The Sokoto Caliphate (, literally: Caliphate in the Lands of Sudan), also known as the Sultanate of Sokoto, was a Sunni Muslim caliphate in West

The Kanem-Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad.

The Kingdom of Kongo ( or Wene wa Kongo; ; Latin: Regnum Congo) was a kingdom in Central Africa. It was located in present-day northern Angola, the

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 partitions of Poland-Lithuania.

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland-Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federative real union between the

The Kingdom of Poland (; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) was a state in Central Europe during the medieval and early modern periods from 1025 until

The Kingdom of Bohemia (), or just Bohemia (Czech: Čechy) sometimes referenced in English literature as the Czech Kingdom, was a medieval and early

The Kingdom of Sicily (; ; ) was a state that existed in Sicily and the southern Italian Peninsula as well as, for a time, in North Africa, from its

The French Empire (; ), known retroactively as the First French Empire, and colloquially as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon

The Kingdom of Sardinia, also referred to as the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica among other names, was a kingdom in Southern Europe from the late 13th until the mid-19th century.

Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as Chosun), officially Great Joseon State (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded

Champa was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day central and southern Vietnam from

The Rozvi Empire (c. 16831866) was a Shona state established by Changamire Dombo on the Zimbabwean Plateau. The term "Rozvi" refers to their legacy

The Kingdom of Loango was a state created by Kongo people during approximately the 16th to 19th centuries in what is now the western part of the Republic of the Congo, Southern Gabon and Cabinda.

The Kingdom of Rwanda (also known as the Nyiginya Kingdom or Nyginya Dynasty) was a Bantu kingdom in modern-day Rwanda which grew to be ruled by a Tutsi monarchy.

The Kingdom of Burundi (), also known as Kingdom of Urundi (), was a Bantu kingdom in the modern-day Republic of Burundi. The Ganwa monarchs (with

The Kingdom of Imerina (;, 1897), also known as the Kingdom of Madagascar or the Kingdom of Merina, was a pre-colonial state off the coast of

The Funj Sultanate, also known as Funjistan, Sultanate of Sennar or Blue Sultanate was an Islamic kingdom in what is now Sudan, northwestern Eritrea and western Ethiopia.

Kaabu (1537-1867), also written Gabu, Ngabou, and N'Gabu, was a federation of Mandinka kingdoms in the Senegambia region centered within modern

The Khanate of Khiva (, , , , ) was an Uzbek monarchy that existed in the historical region of Khorezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of

The Khanate of Kokand (, ) was an early modern state in the Fergana Valley of Central Asia. At its peak, it stretched from the Ulu Tau mountains in

The Konbaung dynasty (), also known as the Third Burmese Empire (တတိယမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်), was the last dynasty that ruled Burma from 1752 to 1885. It

The Cayor Kingdom (; ) was from 1549 to 1886 the largest and most powerful kingdom that split off from the Jolof Empire in what is now Senegal. The

Baol or Bawol was a kingdom in what is now central Senegal.

Waalo () was a kingdom on the lower Senegal River in West Africa, in what is now Senegal and Mauritania. It included parts of the valley proper and

The Sultanate of Zanzibar (, ), also known as the Zanzibar Sultanate, was an East African Muslim state controlled by the Sultan of Zanzibar, in

The Tui Tonga Empire, or Tongan Empire, are descriptions sometimes given to Tongan expansionism and projected hegemony in Oceania which began around 950 CE, reaching its peak during the period 1200-1500.

The Imamate of Futa Jallon or Jalon (; or ' , ), sometimes referred to as the Emirate of Timbo, was a West African Islamic state based in the Fouta

The Imamate of Futa Toro (; ; ) was a West African theocratic monarchy of the Fula-speaking people (Fulɓe and Toucouleurs) in the middle valley of

The Warsangali Sultanate () (), was a Somali state established in the 17th century in the Maakhir region during the early modern period by

The Ahom kingdom (, ), or Kingdom of Assam, was a late medieval kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley. It is conventionally dated from 1228 to 1826,

The Sultanate of Sulu (; or Kasultanan Sūk; ; or Sultanato ng Sulu) was a Sunni Muslim Tausūg state that ruled the Sulu Archipelago, coastal areas

The Republic of Ragusa was an aristocratic maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik ( in Italian and Latin; in Venetian) in South Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia) in Southern Europe.

The Kazakh Khanate, also known as the Kazakh Khanates or Qazaq Khanate was a nomadic state in Central Asia that existed from to the early 19th century.

The Kingdom of Navarre ( ), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a historical Iberian polity which occupied lands on both sides of the western

The Kingdom of León was a medieval state situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula.

The Duchy of Burgundy (; ; ) was a medieval and early modern feudal polity in north-western regions of historical Burgundy. It belonged to the

The Kingdom of Tahiti or the Tahitian Kingdom was a Polynesian monarchy founded by paramount chief Pōmare I, who, with the aid of British missionaries and traders, and European weaponry, unified the islands of Tahiti, Moʼorea, Tetiʻaroa, and Mehetiʻa.

The Kingdom of Belgium controlled several territories and concessions during the colonial era, principally the Belgian Congo (modern DR Congo) from

The Omani Empire () was a maritime empire, vying with Portugal and Britain for trade and influence in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean. After rising

Sweden controlled a number of colonies outside Europe between 1638 and 1878.

Russian colonization of North America describes colonies and territories claimed by the Russian Empire in the Pacific Coast region of North America

The German colonial empire () constituted the overseas colonies, dependencies, and territories of the German Empire. Unified in 1871, the chancellor

at its peak in 1942. Japan and its allies Thailand (in dark red) and Azad Hind occupied territories and client states in lighter red.

The Qing dynasty ruled over the island of Taiwan from 1683 to 1895. The Qing dynasty sent an army led by General Shi Lang to defeat the Ming loyalist Kingdom of Tungning in 1683. Taiwan was then formally annexed in April 1684.

The Stato da Màr or Domini da Mar (), sometimes described as a maritime empire or overseas empire, comprised the maritime and overseas territories

The Kingdom of Castile was a polity in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.

Infobox date: 1917-11-02-df=yes

Infobox date: Start date and age-November 19, 1863

The Communist Manifesto, originally the Manifesto of the Communist Party, is a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It was co

The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Consi

The Emancipation Proclamation, officially Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States president Abrah

Infobox date: 1823

The Nineteenth Amendment (Amendment XIX) to the United States Constitution prohibits the United States and its states from denying the right to vote t

Infobox date: 3 January 1916

Infobox date: 6 February 1840

Infobox date: 27 August 1928

The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles wer

Infobox date: Start date and age-1917-01-16

Infobox date: April 17, 1895

Infobox date: start date and age-1918-03-3-df=yes

Infobox date: Start date and age-1848-02-02-df=y

The Louisiana Purchase () was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803. This consiste

The Declaration of Sentiments, also known as the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments, is a document signed in 1848 by 68 women and 32 men-100 out of

Infobox date: 1814-12-24

Infobox date: 10 September 1919

The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial relations among 44 countries, including the United States, Canada

Infobox date: 1922-2-6

Infobox date: 1925-12-1

Infobox date: 25 November 1936

Infobox date: 27 September 1940

Infobox date: 1915-4-26

Infobox date: 6 December 1921

Infobox date: 1905-9-5-df=yes

Infobox date: 1878-7-13-df=y

Infobox date: 1878-3-3

Infobox date: 27 November 1919

Infobox date: 10 May 1871

Infobox date: April 29 - November 6, 1868efn-Iron Shell was the first to sign the document on

Infobox date: August 3, 1795

Infobox date: 24 October 1860 (Anglo-Chinese); 25 October 1860 (Franco-Chinese); 14 Novemb

Infobox date: June 1858

Infobox date: September 7, 1901 (July 25th, Year Guangxu 27)

Infobox date: 1854-03-31-df=y

Infobox date: 1855-2-7-

The Treaty of Wuchale (also spelled Treaty of Ucciale; , ) was a treaty signed between the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy. The signing part

Infobox date: start date and age-30 March 1912

The Ems dispatch (, ), sometimes called the Ems telegram, was published on 13 July 1870; it incited the Second French Empire to declare war on the Kin

Japanese special envoy, with United States Secretary of State Robert Lansing in Washington, in 1917 for the signing of the Lansing-Ishii Agreement

The Treaties of Tilsit (), also collectively known as the Peace of Tilsit (; ), were two peace treaties signed by French Emperor Napoleon in the town

Infobox date: 25 March 1802

Infobox date: 1856-3-30

Infobox date: 1794-11-19

Infobox date: 1797-10-17-df=y

Infobox date: 1800-10-01-df=y

Infobox date: 1819-2-22

The Treaty of Chaumont was a series of separately-signed but identically-worded agreements in 1814 between the Austrian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia

Infobox date: start date and age-22 February 1828

Infobox date: 24 October 1813

Infobox date: May 28, 1858

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human and civil rights documen

Infobox date: 1804-03-21-df=y

Infobox date: 9-12 August 1941

Infobox date: 14 August 1919

Infobox date: February 11, 1889 (Meiji 22)

President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill met at the Cairo Conference in Cairo, 25 November 1943.

The Hossbach Memorandum (or Hossbach Protocol) records minutes of a meeting in Berlin on 5 November 1937 attended by German dictator Adolf Hitler and

Infobox date: April 28 and 29, 1817

The Zinoviev letter was a forged document published and sensationalised by the Daily Mail newspaper four days before the 1924 United Kingdom general e

The Reinsurance Treaty was a diplomatic agreement between the German Empire and the Russian Empire that was in effect from 1887 to 1890. The existence

The Triple Alliance was a defensive military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. It was formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodical

Infobox date: 8 April 1904

Infobox date: 1902-01-30-df=y

Infobox date: Start date and age-1804-1-1-df=y

Volume 2, which originated from Manuale di diritto publico e privato ottomano (1865) by Domenico Gatteschi

The Constitution of the Ottoman Empire (; ) was in effect from 1876 to 1878 in a period known as the First Constitutional Era, and from 1908 to 1922 i

The was promulgated on 6 April 1868 in Kyoto Imperial Palace. The Oath outlined the main aims and the course of action to be followed during Emperor

Infobox date: 19 March 1812 (first time); 1 January 1820 (second time, de facto); 1836

The Reuter concession (Persian: امتیازنامه رویتر) was a contract signed in 1872 between Paul Reuter, a German-born British banker, businessman, and fo

Infobox date: 1834-01-25

David Ben-Gurion, then head of the executive committee of the Jewish Agency, wrote a letter to his son Amos on 5 October 1937. The letter is well know

RAC-HBC Agreement was a series of protocols signed by the Russian-American Company (RAC) and the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) in 1839 and remained activ

The Mannheimer Akte (Mannheim Act) (officially: Revised Rhine Navigation Act of 17 October 1868) is an international agreement that regulates vessel t

Infobox date: 1933-07-20-df=y

Infobox date: 1929-2-11

The Frankfurt Constitution () or Constitution of St. Paul's Church (), officially named the Constitution of the German Empire () of 28 March 1849, was

The Statuto Albertino (English: Albertine Statute) was the constitution granted by King Charles Albert of Sardinia to the Kingdom of Sardinia on 4 Mar

The April Laws, also called March Laws, were a collection of laws legislated by Lajos Kossuth with the aim of modernizing the Kingdom of Hungary into

Infobox date: 4 November 1848

Infobox date: 5 June 1849 (first); 5 June 1953 (current)

The Treaty of Fontainebleau was an agreement concluded in Fontainebleau, France, on 11 April 1814 between Napoleon and representatives of Austria, Rus

Infobox date: 1795

Infobox date: 1801-02-09-df=y

Infobox date: 30 May 1814

The Treaty of Schönbrunn (), sometimes known as the Peace of Schönbrunn () or the Treaty of Vienna (), was signed between France and Austria at Schönb

The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was marked by high rates of unemployment and poverty, drastic

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt

The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising, Boxer Movement, Yihetuan Movement (), or Boxer War, was an uprising in North China between 1899

The Franco-Prussian War, occasionally known as the Franco-German War, and sometimes referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between F

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated by

The Turkish War of Independence (15 May 1919-24 July 1923) was a series of military campaigns and a revolution waged by the Turkish National Movemen

The First Sino-Japanese War (25 July 189417 April 1895) was a conflict between the Qing dynasty of China and the Empire of Japan primarily for influen

The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) were a global series of conflicts fought by a fluctuating array of European coalitions against the French First Republ

The Mexican Revolution () was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from 20 November 1910 to 1 December 1920. It has been called

The Great Sioux War of 1876, also known as the Black Hills War, was a series of battles and negotiations that occurred in 1876 and 1877 in an alliance

The Spanish American wars of independence () were a series of conflicts across the Spanish Empire in the early 19th century. They began shortly after

The Anglo-Zulu War, or simply the Zulu War, was fought in present-day South Africa from January to early July 1879 between forces of the British Empir

The Battle of Adwa was the climactic battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War. It was fought on 1 March 1896, near the town of Adwa between the Ethiopi

The War of the Golden Stool, also known as the Yaa Asantewaa War, the Third Ashanti Expedition, the Ashanti Uprising, or variations thereof, was a cam

The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") an

The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, culminated in the end of China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynas

The Expedition of the Thousand () was an event of the unification of Italy that took place in 1860. A corps of volunteers led by Giuseppe Garibaldi sa

The Apache Wars were a series of armed conflicts between the United States Army and various Apache tribal confederations fought in the southwest betwe

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857-58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovere

The Salt March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, Dandi March, and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial Indi

The , referred to at the time as the , was a political event that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji and led to the Westernis

on 3 January 1885, showing German Chancellor Bismarck about to partition Africa

The Haitian Revolution, also known as the Haitian War of Independence, was a successful insurrection by enslaved Africans against French colonial rule

The Great Famine, also known as the Great Hunger ( ), the Famine and the Irish Potato Famine, was a period of mass starvation and disease in Ireland f

The 1918-1920 flu pandemic, also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or by the misleading name Spanish flu, was an exceptionally deadly global influ

The Holodomor, also known as the Ukrainian famine, was a massive man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainian

The Bengal famine of 1943 was a famine during World War II in the Bengal Province and Orissa Province of British India. An estimated 800,000-3.8 milli

The Trail of Tears was the forced displacement and ethnic cleansing of about 60,000 Native Americans of the "Five Civilized Tribes", including their b

The Musket Wars were a series of as many as 3,000 battles and raids fought throughout New Zealand (including the Chatham Islands) among Māori between

The War of the Pacific (), also known by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian-Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought over

The Battle of Ayacucho (, ) was a decisive military encounter during the Peruvian War of Independence. This battle secured the independence of Peru an

The Xhosa Wars were a series of nine wars (from 1779 to 1879) between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire as well as Trekboers from the Dutch col

The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the

The Crimean War was fought between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia from October 1853 to Februar